Organisational change management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 2

Organisational change management - Essay Example The positive energy approach will help to build the organisations on the strengths (Cooperrider and Whitney, 2001; Cooperrider, et al., 2008). The first step in this process is identifying and describing the problems which are needed to be solved. The approach can be described in five steps: (Source: The Eye Health Summit, 2013) Definition Definition is the first phase of the Appreciative Inquiry process. It is the phase where the organisations try to find out the underlying issues of the current business process, which require immediate attention of the management. In this phase, the management makes a flow map of those factors which are creating problems in the present business process and require external enquiry. In today’s business environment, the importance of organisational change management has been one of the most widely investigated areas. The organisational change management has gained attraction to a great extent from the researchers all around the world. Accordin g to Harigopal (2006), the organisational change is an essential process associated with the growth and expansion of a particular business. It is considered to be a complex process because a change which was successful for one organisation might not be so for other organisations. Thus, it becomes necessary to check that the change is congruent to dynamism, complexity and finally the uniqueness of the respective organization. The changes taking place in the political, economic and social environment also has an effect on the individuals and the organizations. Even if the change has been a constant process but its rapidity and swiftness have always been different. It is because of this reason that the external environmental changes have forced the organizations to make certain changes in their operational systems. We find a large number of companies implementing various strategic changes for coping up with the existing challenges. In case of strategic change, the companies restructure their business or marketing plans in a wider context. The main intention of performing strategic changes in an organization is for achieving the organizational goals and harmonizing the organizational activities along with the business environment. Organizational change management is one of the most crucial activities of an organization (Chen, et al., 2013). According to Jones (2004), there are two reasons responsible for the changes in the organizations. One is the response to the changes in the external environment. Another reason is the response of the companies to a specific crisis situation. The organizational change also becomes evident when various companies undergo any change in their executive power (Haveman, Russo and Meyer, 2001). The present study deals with the investigation of the problems in D2, which is an automobile components manufacturer. The company is facing a large number of problems associated with the cost of operations. The economic downturn has resulted in the worsening of the scenario in the company. D2 had to struggle for surviving in the market. The company planned for formulation of new strategies in order to achieve the economies of scale. The new strategy which has been taken into consideration is yet to be conveyed to the employees and only the senior managers are informed about the strategy

Explain Why the Treatment of Indigenous People Essay Example for Free

Explain Why the Treatment of Indigenous People Essay There were two main concepts that were thought to have motivated European countries to explore and colonize in America: the excitement and the profit of the New World. Throughout the 17th century England and Spain began to fight for control of the North American Continent, with different economic goals in mind. The success in the colonization of the New World depended on many factors one which included the treatment of the natives. Although the ideal treatment of natives within the countries colonies was identical by violently taking the Native American lands and turning them into outpost for their empires; however, their incentive for the treatment was different. The Spanish revealed a more systematic way of mistreating the natives because they intended to colonize America for gold and slaves without any obstacles, and the English colonized for land with no intention or preparation to interfere with the native people intensely until they necessarily had to. Francisco Vasquez de Coronado led a massive expedition bent on finding and conquering Seven Golden Cities of Cibola, while doing so, he embittered many Native Americans toward the Spanish. As the Spaniards trudged through the North American borders in search of gold and slaves, they established a labor system called the encomienda system which helped sustain control over the natives in North, Central, and South America, so they can have certain opportunities to roam the lands in search of gold without any unwanted interruptions. Conquistadors were granted trusteeship over the indigenous people they conquered, in an expansion of familiar feudal institutions, notably the commendation ceremony, which had been established in New Castile during the Reconquista. The conquistadors scrupulously adhered to the Spanish law of conquest by reading the Requerimiento, which ordered defiant Indians, in Spanish, to accept Spanish rule and Christian conversion immediately. If the Indians ignored this order, they deserved the harsh punishments of a just war. For example, as the Spanish encountered swift resistance at the mesa-top pueblo of Acoma, the Indians refused Spanish demands for provisions for an exploring expedition. Spanish troops captured the pueblo, killing eight hundred inhabitants in the process, forcing surviving men to have one foot cut off and along with the women and children, to be servants of the soldiers and missionaries. As for the English and their colonalization, they strived for the land of the Americas, with little rivalry from the natives as possible; therefore, unlike the Spaniards they did not have a systematic way of controlling the natives. At first all went well, the Native Indians eagerly traded and shared their corn. Given such abundance and native hospitality, the colonist wondered why they should work at all. Refusing to grow their own food they expected the Roanokes to feed them. However, the English had outlived their welcome, and fearing that the natives were about to attack, the English soldiers killed the Roanoke leader. Although some settlers were curious and open-minded about the Indians way of life, most assumed that Native Americans would submit to their authority and feed them while they looked for gold. The Spaniards had different ways of conquering the American land treating the indigenous people than the English people however, they each shared the same idea that the Indians needed to be controlled and cater to the needs of those who conquered them. They felt that they did not need to respect the culture, the religion, and the people of the land. The Europeans had a high self respect which they felt overpowered that of the natives. They wanted what was not theirs in order to better their economy without any compromise, while destroying another societys culture. Because of this they were able to come to the same conclusion that they could treat the Natives as they did. To conclude, the Spanish and the English had a similar perspective of how they wanted to treat the natives of the lands they conquered, however they differed in strategy in how they were able to confine them because of the goals they individually had in mind prior to their conquest. The English had a simple idea of coming into America sharing the land and the crops with the natives until they got afraid and too greedy, leaving violence as a resort. With the Spanish, they strategize according to the fact that they wanted the gold and to enslave the native people with no mercy, resulting in striping the natives away from their dignity.

Imperialism :: essays research papers

Modern World Extensive European imperialism took place between 1875 and 1914. This was a time when European countries took over many parts of Africa and Asia. According to the Modern World Issues Textbook imperialism is â€Å" The policy of extending one’s rule over many lands.† There are many views on this topic yet in my opinion Imperialism should have never taken place.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As in the story King Mojimba Meets his first white man, the Africans were standing with outstretched arms when the Europeans arrived. The Africans went to meet the Europeans and welcome them as brothers, but the Europeans immediately began firing their guns when they arrived. There is no reason why the Europeans needed to take over parts of Asia and Africa when these people did nothing to give the Europeans reason to do so.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Everyone has something to contribute to society but the Europeans never gave anyone but themselves a chance to contribute a single thing The Europeans never gave the Africans or Asians a time to show what they had to offer. And the Europeans certainly did have a lot to offer. They had to offer their knowledge of eating, warfare, and their general knowledge of the world around them. The Europeans looked at the Africans and Asians as worthless. This was one of the reasons the Europeans did not give these groups a chance.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   If there had not been the Imperialism the world would be a lot different than it is today. Asians and Africans would be much more respected and would have the same opportunities as everyone else. Even though our constitution gives all groups equal right and freedom they do not get it from the people they live with every day. There is still quite a lot of prejudice in the world.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"To the Social Darwinists the anti-imperialists replied by denying that the struggle for existence applied to human groups in the way it applied to plants and animals†, (Hobson, 2A).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although many believe that the Imperialism should never have taken place many look at another way. â€Å" The whites, outnumbered in a harsh world, had to organize themselves and hold non-whites off†, (Chamberlain, 1B). In other words there were more Africans and Asians than Europeans. The Europeans felt intimidated by this and felt the need to fight back and take-over. The Europeans were a little cocky and said that they in fact were the best.

Odie clutched the can of orange juice

Odie clutched the can of orange juice. It was very cold against his palms which were very wet—either from the coldness or the sweat that was slowly forming in his callused hands. He had callused hands—hands which had been witnesses to the harsh realities of life and the absurdities of things—of fate and of faith. Odie smiled upon remembering his hands.The hands of a warrior. He was watching the battlefield in front of him—the warriors were armed. Only a simple command from him—their leader—and the thousands of warriors would be willing to sacrifice their lives for the survival of their tribe, of their nation.Odie raised his right hand, brandishing the gleaming sword in the air—the war has begun. He opened his mouth to give the command†¦ and a car screeched nearby and Odie was awakened from his day dreaming. He was no warrior and there was no sword.The can of orange juice had lost its coldness by then, and Odie walked up their path way into the confines of his home. No, it was a house. No, it was also not a house. It was a tiny apartment—just a very, very small space in this world where he can sleep, eat, take a bath, change clothes, and†¦ become someone else.Odie stepped into his room and looked at the computer—this is it—the moment when he stops from being the muddled and the ridiculed Odie. This is the moment when he stops from being the weird and tame Odie. In fact, this is where he stops from being Odie altogether—he can now be anything and anyone whom he wants to be.The only thing in the world right now is the computer screen, the people on-line who are impatiently waiting and clamoring for the attention of his other self—Brigade719.Odie logged on and Brigade719 has entered the world of cyberspace. He was now lost to the endless possibilities which can happen. He can be the warrior who brandishes the gleaming sword, he can be the courageous general who bravely stan ds on the front, he can be the destroyer of evil empires, and he can be the prince to the many princesses who are vying for his on-line attention.Odie clutched the can of orange juice. He walked slowly and silently along the hallways of his university—no one was paying him any attention. If a person looked at him now, in a matter of seconds, he would probably be forgotten. He was small, scrawny, and shy. In the room, he barely spoke; he barely talked even when he was addressed by his professors. Not that his professors actually talked to him.The average times of people actually addressing Odie would be the average times a Starbucks store would be closing down—which to say, was rarely. Yet, he was kind and gentle. In fact, he was too kind and too gentle that people rendered him to be non-existent. But that’s okay with Odie—since later on, in the confines of his tiny apartment, in that very messy room—he becomes someone else.Odie logged on and Brigad e719 has entered the world of cyberspace. There, in the screen, are over a hundred invitations to be his on-line friend. There, in the bright, bright screen, are over a thousand possibilities of showing his intelligence, his bravery, and his wit. Brigade719 smiled. He was ready—bringing his fingers closer to the keyboard, he took on the possibilities.

Determination of water of hydration Essay

Observation of copper sulfate No copper sulfate Light blue After heating for about 2-3 minutes, of the powder turns lighter and then into grey-white. Water released as vapor is observed from this point. After heating for another 2-3 minutes, of the powder turns into grey-white. After heating for 10 minutes, the whole part of the powder turns into grey-white with some parts of light green The whole part of the powder remains grey-white with some parts of light green The whole part of the powder remains grey-white with some parts of light green * Mass of hydrated copper sulfate (g) = (46.08 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.01) – (43.78 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.01) = 2.30 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.02 (g) * Mass of water (g) = ( 46.08 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.01) – (45.22 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.01) = 0.86 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.02 (g) * General reaction: hydrate anhydrous salt + water CuSO4.xH2O CuSO4 + xH2O m 2.30 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.02 (g) 0.86 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.02 (g) M 160 +18x (g/mol) 18x (g/mol) * n xH2O (mol) = n CuSO4.xH2O = = (0.86 )(160 + 18x) = )18x 160(0.86 ) + 18x(0.86 ) = )18x 160(0.86 ) = 18x(1.44 0.04) x = = = 5.3 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.3 Conclusion: The value of x in CuSO4.xH2O is quite similar to the value on the label (literal value) of the hydrated copper sulfate jar (% of difference is 6%) Evaluation Limitations Effects Improvements The number of experiments carried out is not enough (Random error) If the data obtained are inaccurate; as a result, the value of x calculated will be inaccurate Do the experiment many times When cooling the crucible, water can be reformed in copper sulfate (random error) Weight of the crucible may increase Use a data logger computer to take the mass of the crucible continuously until the mass remains unchanged The flame is too strong (random error) Some copper sulfate molecules may be decomposed Keep the flame at a reasonable height and temperature

pH Levels Differences Between Normal Urine and Diabetic Urine †Human Anatomy Paper

pH Levels Differences Between Normal Urine and Diabetic Urine – Human Anatomy Paper Free Online Research Papers pH Levels Differences Between Normal Urine and Diabetic Urine Human Anatomy Paper Kidneys are bean-shaped organs that lie along the dorsal wall of the abdominal cavity (Couch and Burger 2004). The two bean-shaped organs are located in the centers of the excretory system where blood and numerous of types fluid can pass through. A person can survive with only one functioning kidney, but if both kidneys fail, the buildup of toxic wastes and the lack of regulation of blood pressure, pH, and ion concentrations will lead to death if untreated (Campbell et all. 2006). Three experiments were taken with the specific organ, all with different procedures and substances. Experiment two was a dialysis test showing positive and negative reactions for specific substances. Hypothesis for Experiment 2 is stated that substances Albumin and Glucose will be positive reactions, Starch and Sodium chloride will be negative reactions. In Experiment three the involvement of â€Å"Normal Urine† and â€Å"Diabetic Urine† are mixed wit different substances. Hypothesis for Experiment three is the pH would be between 1 and 5 for both â€Å"Normal Urine† and â€Å"Diabetic Urine†, the glucose would be at highest of 100 for both urines, and ketones will be negative reactions for both urines. The first Experiment was the control experiment, the procedures are, One: Fold a piece of filter paper in half, then in half again, and open it to form a con e (Couch and Burger 2004). The filter paper will allow any substance with a molecular weight less than 100 to pass through (Couch and Burger 2004). Two: Place the cone into the funnel and place the funnel over a beaker or Erlenmeyer flask (Couch and Burger 2004). Three: Shake a solution containing a few particles of charcoal (black), copper sulfate (blue), and starch (white) in water, and pour it into the funnel until the mixture nearly reaches the rim of the filter paper (Couch and Burger 2004). Four: Count the number of drops passing through the funnel during the time intervals, and record your results (Couch and Burger 2004). Five: Observe which substances passed through the filter by noting the color of the filtrate (Couch and Burger 2004). To determine if starch passed through the filter, add a few drops of iodine to the filtrate in the beaker or flask (Couch and Burger 2004). A blue-black color indicates the presence of starch (Couch and Burger 2004). Six: Observe the color o f the filter paper to determine which substances did not pass through (Couch and Burger 2004). Experiment two was a dialysis test, procedures are the following, One: Tie off one end of a piece of dialysis tubing that has been soaking in distilled water (Couch and Burger 2004). Be careful not to handle the tubing any more than necessary, and only hold it by the ends (Couch and Burger 2004). Two: Place a prepared solution containing starch, sodium chloride (salt), 5% glucose, and albumin into the bag (Couch and Burger 2004). Three: Tie off the other end of the bag, check for leaks by gently squeezing the bag, then rinse it with distilled water. Immerse the bag into a beaker of distilled water (Couch and Burger 2004). Four: After one hour, test the solution in the beaker for the substances that were put into the dialysis tubing bag and record your results; A. Albumin – put 2 ml of the solution from the beaker into a test tube (Couch and Burger 2004).Add 3 drops of Biuret reagent (Couch and Burger 2004).A positive test is a color change from blue to violet (Couch and Burger 2004). B. Glucose – put 3 ml of the beaker solution and 3 ml of Benedict’s reagent into a test tube (Couch and Burger 2004). Heat in a water bath for about 2-3 minutes (Couch and Burger 2004). A positive test is a change in color from clear blue to cloudy green or yellow-orange (Couch and Burger 2004). C. Starch – put 2 ml of the beaker solution into a test tube and add 4-5 drops of IKI (iodine) solution (Couch and Burger 2004). A positive test is a blue-black color change (Couch and Burger 2004) D. Sodium chloride – put 2 ml of the beaker solution into a test tube and add several drops of 1% silver nitrate (Couch and Burger 2004). A positive test is the formation of a white precipitate (Couch and Burger 2004).Last experiment procedures involve Urine, the procedures are as follows; One: obtain a reagent strip and determine the location of the specific reactions on the strip (Couch and Burger 2004). Examine the chart on the container that indicates the re spective color changes (Couch and Burger 2004). Two: Pour some of the â€Å"Diabetic Urine† into a test tube, making sure that you have enough to completely immerse all of the reagent squares on the strip (Couch and Burger 2004). Dip the strip into the â€Å"urine† and drain it on a paper towel to remove excess solution (Couch and Burger 2004). Three: Read results according to the chart on the container and RECORD your results (Couch and Burger 2004). Six: Repeat this test for â€Å"Normal Urine† (Couch and Burger 2004). Results In Experiment 1, which was the control substance results concluded that at a time of ten seconds the volume of water was 30 drops, substrate in filtrate was starch and substance left in filter was charcoal. At a time of 30 seconds the volume of water was 50 drops, substance in filtrate was starch and copper-sulfate, and the substance left in the filter was charcoal. In 60 seconds time, the volume of water was at 76 drops, substance in filtrate was again starch and copper-sulfate, and the substance left in the filter was charcoal. Last with a time of 120 seconds, volume of water was left at 76 drops, substance in filtrate was again starch and copper-sulfate, and the substance left in the filter was charcoal, all of which is shown on table one In Experiment 2 involving dialysis the results for substances Albumin was a positive reaction, Glucose is a negative reaction, Starch is a negative reaction, and last Sodium chloride is a positive reaction. All these results involving dialysis can be seen in Table 2. Experiment 3 results represent urine tests. For results involving pH as a substance, in â€Å"Normal Urine† the pH is 7, in â€Å"Diabetic Urine† pH is 5. With a substance of glucose â€Å"Normal Urine† is 150, and â€Å"Diabetic Urine† is 500. Last with a substance of Ketone, â€Å"Normal Urine† is a negative reaction, and â€Å"Diabetic Urine† is a negative reaction, all of which can be seen on Table3. Discussion As results were concluded it was clear that Experiment 2 hypothesis stating that substances Albumin and Glucose will be positive reactions and Starch and Sodium chloride will be negative solutions was incorrect in some aspects and in Experiment 3 hypothesis stating the pH would be between 1 and 5 for both â€Å"Normal Urine† and â€Å"Diabetic Urine†, the glucose would be at highest of 100 for both urines, and ketones will be negative reactions for both urines was incorrect. While testing on dialysis in experiment 2 and shown in table 2, as results were posted clearly stated that Albumin and Sodium Chloride were the two substances my hypothesis did not support. What dialysis does for the kidneys is acts like a lifesaver not only for people that have both kidneys failing, but also non-exercisers, the people that have no guide to a healthy life. Furnishing dialysis in the United States to large numbers of patients already in poor health and with limited life e xpectancies has contributed to the highest yearly mortality rate for dialysis patients in the developed world- approximately 24% in 1988 (Hines et al. 1997). For these reasons it is important to know what this does for your kidneys. This also helps me understand why the hypothesis was incorrect by stating that Albumin was a positive reaction and Sodium chloride is a negative reaction. Possible errors that could have occurred in the final result of these two substances that were incorrect may have been improper washing of beaker, also not enough of Albumin and Sodium chloride in the dialysis tubing. Experiment 1 was obvious what the results were going to be when testing charcoal with starch and copper sulfate in our control experiment. No errors were recorded for experiment 1, also results supported hypothesis in stating that charcoal would have been the only substance not allowed to filter through because of more particles and a higher concentration. Involving â€Å"Normal Urine† and â€Å"Diabetic Urine† in Experiment 3 it is said that† Diabetic nephropathy, or diabetic kidney disease, affects 20 to 30 percent of patients with diabetes (Thorp and Micah 2005). While testing both â€Å"Normal Urine† and â€Å"Diabetic Urine†, glucose in the â€Å"Diabetic Urine† and the ph in â€Å"Normal Urine† are what my hypothesis did not support. Stating in the hypothesis about glucose being a high of a 100 for both â€Å"Normal Urine† and â€Å"Diabetic Urine† is something I do not support now that I have done further research o n diabetics. There are no potential errors for the result outcome for Experiment 3. Concluding all results and hypothesis stated, Experiment 2 and 3 are definite factors people of any age should be aware of. For diabetic patients, Experiments 2 and 3 should hit really close to home with their lives, and these substances that they see every day. Diabetic nephropathy presents in its earliest stage with low levels of albumin (microalbuminuria) in the urine (Thorp and Micah 2005). Stating this alone is reason enough for all non diabetics and diabetics of all types to be on the look out for any new experiments. Research Papers on pH Levels Differences Between Normal Urine and Diabetic Urine - Human Anatomy PaperThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseResearch Process Part OneThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenStandardized TestingGenetic EngineeringInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementDefinition of Export QuotasMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New Employees

Free Essays on Under Age Drinking

Everyone knows that it is illegal to consume alcohol until the age of 21. Many people are In agreement with this legal restriction. Some would even say that it needs to be raised. Why is 21 the "magical" age that makes one intelligent and mature enough to consume alcohol? Surely, some adults abuse alcohol and some teenagers would be perfectly able to drink responsibly. Many have asked the question, should the drinking age be lowered from age twenty-one to age eighteen. The national drinking age for men and woman should remain at age twenty-one. Before 1982 there was no national conformity in the laws dealing with alcohol consumption legal age. Each state had different laws and regulations set on the drinking age. In the mid-1980's this changed. "The drinking age was set by federal law in the mid-1980's mostly because of pressure from Mothers against Drunk Driving (MADD)" (Dogan 1). This gave conformity throughout the nation with a national drinking law.! Today there are many arguments put forth to justify attempts to lower the drinking age. One of the most prevalent arguments for the drinking age heard is, "if were old enough to be sent to war and die we are old enough to drink alcohol" (Heffernan 1). This argument has an underlined fallacy. When an eighteen-year-old youth is drafted into the military he is subjected to many months of rigorous training and preparation for his duties as a solider. Not only is he intensively trained, he is provided constant leadership. This is exactly the opposite of what happens when a youth reaches the legal age to drink. The youth is not trained or prepared to take on the burden of responsible drinking. Rather than provided leadership he is subjected to peer pressure encouraging him to act irresponsibly. The draft age and drinking age argument does not provide a convincing basis for a change in the law. A second argument often heard supporting a reduction in lowerin... Free Essays on Under Age Drinking Free Essays on Under Age Drinking Everyone knows that it is illegal to consume alcohol until the age of 21. Many people are In agreement with this legal restriction. Some would even say that it needs to be raised. Why is 21 the "magical" age that makes one intelligent and mature enough to consume alcohol? Surely, some adults abuse alcohol and some teenagers would be perfectly able to drink responsibly. Many have asked the question, should the drinking age be lowered from age twenty-one to age eighteen. The national drinking age for men and woman should remain at age twenty-one. Before 1982 there was no national conformity in the laws dealing with alcohol consumption legal age. Each state had different laws and regulations set on the drinking age. In the mid-1980's this changed. "The drinking age was set by federal law in the mid-1980's mostly because of pressure from Mothers against Drunk Driving (MADD)" (Dogan 1). This gave conformity throughout the nation with a national drinking law.! Today there are many arguments put forth to justify attempts to lower the drinking age. One of the most prevalent arguments for the drinking age heard is, "if were old enough to be sent to war and die we are old enough to drink alcohol" (Heffernan 1). This argument has an underlined fallacy. When an eighteen-year-old youth is drafted into the military he is subjected to many months of rigorous training and preparation for his duties as a solider. Not only is he intensively trained, he is provided constant leadership. This is exactly the opposite of what happens when a youth reaches the legal age to drink. The youth is not trained or prepared to take on the burden of responsible drinking. Rather than provided leadership he is subjected to peer pressure encouraging him to act irresponsibly. The draft age and drinking age argument does not provide a convincing basis for a change in the law. A second argument often heard supporting a reduction in lowerin...