Friday, December 27, 2019

Getting Wasted Why College Students Drink Too Much And...

Allison Ammons Sociology 100-05 November 18, 2016 Getting Wasted: Why College Students Drink Too Much and Party So Hard The consumption of alcohol as a habitual behavior has long been associated with the American collegiate experience, despite the many known negative consequences a student who partakes in drinking can encounter. Because of the danger drunken students pose to a college’s reputation and the safety of its surrounding areas, much research has been done concerning the collegiate party and drinking scenes. This research mostly studied the demographics of the student body, so strategies developed to curtail the illegal or overconsumption of alcohol could be targeted towards the specific groups that demonstrated the highest likelihood of participating in these acts. When the strategies were implemented, however, there was little decline in the number of college students who chose to party and drink (Vander Ven 2011). This failure did not point toward a flaw in the research data, but instead a lack of research into the benefits a collegiate drinker receives that are rewarding to the poi nt he or she cannot resist. This is the topic of Getting Wasted: Why College Students Drink Too Much and Party So Hard by Thomas Vander Ven. In Getting Wasted, Vander Ven (2011) argued that previous research into the collegiate drinking culture had largely avoided exploration into the social rewards and pleasures that a student who drinks receives or at least perceives, andShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Binge Drinking On College Students Essay1697 Words   |  7 Pagessociety, and college students are no exception to this problem, especially when it comes to binge drinking. Binge drinking is classified at 5 or more drinks for men or 4 or more drinks for women within 2 hours. According to a study by Ikes, â€Å"more than 40% of college students have engaged in heavy episodic drinking (HED)† or binge drinking (find pg number) and â€Å"19% engage in frequent binge drinking† (Iconis 243). There are very large implications for college students drinking this much alcohol. FirstRead MoreEssay Lowering the Drinking Age to Eighteen1340 Words   |  6 Pagesand buy a beer. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;One of the biggest problems in our society is under age drinking. They tell us how we aren’t allowed to drink, that we aren’t old enough or mature enough to do it, but the more adults talk about it, the more teenagers want to do it. When a kid goes off to college, it’s expected that he is going to drink. Since most kids don’t know what a hangover feels like, or what it’s like to get the spins, they don’t know their limits and when they need to stop. ThatRead MoreMoney Saving Tips for College Students3548 Words   |  15 PagesMONEY SAVING TIPS FOR COLLEGE STUDENTS As for any college student the usual expenses of; school, personal life, food, entertainment, and leisure activities is enough to make you broke or for most of us, in debt. It is Thursday night and the weekend is here but your wallet is full of bank receipts and there is not any cash to been found. Your friend just told you the agenda for the night which involves; dinner, pre-game, party, and then night club. Chances are your staying in for the night unlessRead MoreAmerican Slang Essay 115481 Words   |  62 Pageshow up-to-date their slang is. Just think of the different ways that various generations have expressed their admiration for something. You could say that something was top-hole (pre-war), wizard (1940s), fab (1960s), ace (1970s), brill (1980s), and so on, without really meaning anything very different. 1 The aim of the paper is to define slang in general and show some specific features of American slang. American slang lives in the specialized media of the young, such as CD booklets, songs andRead MoreEssay about how to16439 Words   |  66 PagesClosing the deal 24 Chapter 8 – How to behave after having sex 29 Chapter 9 – Case Study 31 Note from Author 37 Chapter 1 – About me I like women. A lot. If I see an attractive woman, my brain goes into overdrive and there is pretty much no chance of getting my attention, until her ass is at least 25 metres away. I absolutely love the thrill of meeting someone new, charming them and then persuading them that it would be a fantastic idea to have a one night stand with me. It’s exhilarating. TheRead MoreExamination Malpractice9287 Words   |  38 Pagesof examination malpractice among the sociology student of University of Abuja† is borne out of the concern for the need for improvement/provision of enabling a good conducive environment that is conducive for the writing of examination and to avoid malpractice. In any given society, there are rule guiding the behavior of individuals as well as rights which give the people the freedom to express them. So also is an education environment, where student come to learn both in character and in learningRead MoreEssay about The Razors Edge Study Guide23742 Words   |  95 Pagescopyright information, please visit: http://www.bookrags.com/studyguide−razors−edge/ Copyright Information  ©2000−2007 BookRags, Inc. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. The following sections of this BookRags Premium Study Guide is offprint from Gales For Students Series: Presenting Analysis, Context, and Criticism on Commonly Studied Works: Introduction, Author Biography, Plot Summary, Characters, Themes, Style, Historical Context, Critical Overview, Criticism and Critical Essays, Media Adaptations, TopicsRead MoreDieting Makes People Fat Essay19490 Words   |  78 Pagesdifferent between good or bad.I really love him  . Lilo amp; Stitch is a 2002 American animated science fiction/family film produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and released on June 21, 2002.   Kullasatree 010 3EN   WHAT IS YOUR FAVORITE DRINK? I love to drink strawberry yogurt smoothie about 2-3 times per week. You have to try out this quick and easy recipe for a healthy and delicious strawberry smoothie.You can add some ground flax seeds and a banana for some extra nourishment and a tablespoonRead MoreAn Introduction to Intercultural Communication29172 Words   |  117 Pagesthey can unknowingly cause confusion and misunderstandings. For these intercultural businesses to breach the cultural barriers encountered when stepping into foreign grounds it is vital for them to fully understand the cultural differences that exist so as to prevent damaging business relations due to intercultural communication gaps. There are many theories that set principles to help interpret the basis of intercultural communication. These theories help to iron out possible ripples of misunderstandingRead MoreThe Disillusionment of American Dream in Great Gatsby and Tender Is the Night19485 Words   |  78 Pageslast. Why do they fail? In the thesis the reasons for their failure would be discussed. Their great dream is swallowed up by the hypocrisy and meanness of the upper class, which is the superficial reason for their failure. And the deep reason is that the age of the success of the American dream has past, and the people in the twenties didn’t believe in the values of traditional morality any longer and they had their philosophy of life—that was to ‘seize every day’ and ‘enjoy every moment’, so no matter

Thursday, December 19, 2019

Gender and Sport Socialization Essay - 511 Words

Gender and Sport Socialization Socialization is a life long process whereby the individual learns the appropriate roles and norms of behaviour within a particular society. From birth, children are socialised into sex-linked roles; in many instances males are expected to behave in a ‘masculine’ way and are encouraged to be involved in activities, such as sport, that are traditionally regarded as male. Women however are usually expected to behave in a ‘feminine’ manner; a vast contrast to the encouragement of males to be strong, powerful, forceful and aggressive. This is reflected in women’s participation in sport, and more importantly, their coverage in the print media, which is minimal in comparison to their male counterparts.†¦show more content†¦The media’s â€Å"linking of the skill of key sports with maleness and the constant exposure of the public to this process, has the effect of inferiorising femaleness and female activities. By implication, it seems that w omen cannot do certain skilful things that the media value highly.† (Williams, Louise. ‘Silent Armies Storm the Last Male Bastion’. The Weekend Australia, February 16-17, 1985). Such examples include â€Å"†¦powerful tackles†¦impressive slam dunk†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (The Age, 24/2/2001) which are viewed as predominately male skills, and an attribute women cannot compete with. Notions of femininity influence views about how girls should be. This can create conflict for girls who participate in sports that require ‘unfeminine behaviour’ and produce ‘unfeminine bodyshapes’. Women are depicted in the media in ways that reinforce the prevailing community attitudes and stereotypes about them. They are not viewed as strong, heroic figures to be idolised on the basis of their talent and sporting achievements. Rather in many cases, women’s coverage is on the basis of ‘sporting fashion’. A classic example of this being the extensive coverage of women’s fashion in the Australian Open tennis tournament recently held in Melbourne; Anna Kournicova becoming a symbol for women’s tennis due to herShow MoreRelatedGender Socialization Through Toys and Sports1147 Words   |  5 PagesGender Socialization through Toys and Sports In today’s society, there are many guidelines of how one should act and be. Gender socialization is the process where people take on notions of gender roles, gender ideas and gender behaviours. At an early age, boys and girls are told how to behave and act according to societal norms of gender behaviours and roles. The comparison of Jane Smiley’s article â€Å"You Can Never Have too Many† and John McMurty’s , â€Å"Kill ‘Em! Crush ‘Em! Eat ‘Em Raw!† provides anRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movies Shall We Dance And Billy Elliot1474 Words   |  6 Pagesin today is constructed by human thought of how a male or female is supposed to conduct themselves in everyday society. When you think of the word â€Å"male† or â€Å"female† certain words pop into your head. Men are thought of to be masculine, play tough sports, described as handsome, and they can be aggressive. Women on the other hand are considered feminine, do  "girly things† such as dancing, described as being â€Å"pretty,† and can be sensitive. These are just a few things that can come to mind. What happensRead MoreGender Socialization And Gender Roles999 Words   |  4 PagesEarly gender socialization is perhaps one of the most relevant issues and debates of early childhood. The beginnings of stereotypes for gender roles are typically established at birth, and continue a process of learning specific cultural roles and standards in accordance with the sex of the individual. Gendered interactions begin early in the family and hence influence the process of gendered socialization, as was such the case for myself growing up. Socialization comes from a number of sources:Read More The Issues of Women in Sport Essay example1132 Words   |  5 PagesIssues of Women in Sport Race, gender, history and sexual orientation play major roles in womens participation in sport. Through out the history of women in sport, opportunity has increased. Many athletes and coaches are presented with the issue of sexual orientation throughout their sporting career. Regardless of sexual orientation, all female athletes are affected by heterosexism. Ones racial or ethnicity background greatly shapes the experience they may have in sport. This essay exploresRead MoreGender Socialization : Gender And Gender1040 Words   |  5 PagesWomen Studies 9 online Oct 8, 2015 Gender Socialization Gender, according to Lorber, is the product of a range of social forces that influence our gender construction through a system of reward and punishment. throughout my life, I have been taught to be a women by family and through society, all that at some point supported the goals I had for myself or created obstacles by challenging my own ideas of what meant to be a strong women. Gender socialization is the process by which individualsRead MoreReview Of Richard Schaefer s Consuming Kids 976 Words   |  4 Pagesinstitutions and groups because of socialization. The movie â€Å"Consuming Kids† that the class watched depicts how the media has been gaining extreme influence over children. Kids are constantly learning the desired attitudes, behaviors, and values of society through school, media, and their parents. Advertisements aimed towards children are directly affecting and manipulating the desires and values of kids. Family, school, religion, and peer groups are all agents of socialization, but I believe that media andRead MoreComparing my Local Grocery Store to Walmart1126 Words   |  5 Pages shirts for girls are called fashion tops and just shirts for boys. Some patterns that I saw in the clothing/toys is that for almost each advertisement or label had a picture of a boy or a girl to indicate which toy or clothing is meant for which gender. I did find some things that I thought were unusual. One thing that I noticed for boys is that the majority of the boys toys were more expensive compared to the girls toys. For example, I did not realize how expensive Legos and other building toysRead MoreGender Socialization : The Constitutional And Unfolding Of Individuals As Boys Or Girls Essay1183 Words   |  5 PagesSchwarz 17 October 2016 Gender Socialization According to Michael Messner, our society practices the act of gender socialization by ignoring â€Å"group and contextual factors while overemphasizing ‘the constitutional and unfolding of individuals as boys or girls’† (312). Additionally, gender socialization is defining and executing actions that are masculine versus feminine. We have seen with extensive research that, through generations, the definition of gender socialization is conformed and practicedRead MoreSocialization In Sport1091 Words   |  5 PagesSport has a lot of positive avenue not only for socialization, but it can be also for maintaining impact the life of others around you, it is also healthy for you. Sport has impact a lot of people lives, and it help build their confidence and find out who they truly are as a person. â€Å"The explanation of Socialization is based on a social interaction model, that is organized around a combination or cultural, interactionist, and structural theoriesâ €  (52). this text from the book explains the impactRead MoreInfancy And Early Childhood Socialization920 Words   |  4 Pages2 Infancy and Early Childhood Socialization (Yoder, 1999) Gender socialization is learning expected behaviors about one’s own sex based on society norms. Gender socialization has great impact on the health of both men and women. In our society, the assigned gender roles when adhered strictly can be detrimental to the overall mental and physical of health status of people. If males and females has to live within the society construct of what the roles of the genders should be, then there is great

Tuesday, December 10, 2019

Competition Companies Is Creating Stressfulâ€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Competition Companies Is Creating Stressful? Answer: Introduction: Dominoes Pizza enterprise is one of the largest pizza chain in the nation of Australia. This is mainly in the terms of network store managers as well as network sales. It has been seen that it has over 1900 stores all over Australia. They provide high quality pizza which does not only have good taste but also ensures that they are made with the finest species and commodities and ensures a hygienic system of preparation (The Times 2017). This organization mainly works through the system of franchises where organization takes up a royalty form the stores; sales. The franchises are given all the responsibilities to maintain the employees of the stores. However recently, the organization has been in the issues of the scandal of low payment of the wages resulting in huge turnover of the employees. These are affecting the franchise owners who are having hard time mentally, financially and physically. The following report will mainly contain a detailed discussion of the different issues fac ed by the different stakeholders of the organization and how they are affecting each of them individually. Literature review: Dominoes Australia has been under recent scan of the media due to the reports of under wages paid to the workers of the franchises of dominoes. Report of one of the store manager namely Azrael Yin had come into news where he stated that it took him three years to gain courage to inform head office that one of its biggest franchises are engaged in exploiting workers however he got no response (The Times 2017). It was his boos namely Pamir Dehsabzi who stated that labor cost should be kept low as 27 percent of sales to keep on with the work. For this, he had to cut the number of hours every of the worker worked so that their pay gets reduced accordingly and the stores could be kept on going. This system often fluctuated with the rise and fall of sales every week. Investigation done by Fairfax media stated there had been reports for wide spared underpayment of wages (Couriermail.com.au, 2017). It also includes underpayment of different penalties suing a delivery scam and also illegal sa le of different sponsorships of migrants which extended to up to $150,000. The franchise owners also had to face large number of issues (Ferguson 2017). Often good franchise owners like Nirmal Patel had stated that he often has to go through several stresses to make the ends meet which took a toll on him. He often felt that he is cheating on the workers. He thought that he would stay in the business as long as he would recover his losses but the system of the brand made him get into the system in a stressful way (The Times 2017). There had been day when he had to himself deliver pizza in his care along with his wife and children showing how worsening it was getting for him. Moreover the price of the pizza is very low whereas the loss is incurred by the franchise as they the prices of the ingredients grow up. For the franchise, it is observed that when labor, food or rent cot increases, dominoes introduce a new fee or charge which has to be bore by franchises (Australia 2017). Fourth ly, it is also seen from Fairfax investigation that the business model of the Dominoes is not on making profit from the franchise but making sales out of which they would take a wholesome royalty form every sale. Moreover revitalizing their own brand by competitor Pizza hut and their selling of half pried pizza in certain months also affected the sales of the franchise also (Couriermail.com.au, 2017). Methods: Several recent articles have been studied in order to develop knowledge about the organization trends that are followed in the marketing chains of dominoes. Not very good reviews are obtained from the articles as mostly all were concerned with the underpayment of the workers. Different important dailies have also been studied thoroughly to determine the feelings of the workers, the franchise owners and also of the employer. Various magazines have also been studied as supportive evidences as it contained interviews of the workers and also of the franchise owners which reflected the inside stories of the working places of the organization. Discussion: It has been seen that he organization is following an autocratic ruling system where they are just placing the pressures on the franchise and the workers. An improper relationship handling is occurring between the three levels of the organization like the employers and the head office, the workers and the franchise (Sivaram and Turner 2016). They are not providing a proper strategic plan for the franchise and the workers to follow and have no proper working principle (Ferguson 2017). As a result of these, no ropier bonding and organizational commitment is present among the stakeholders. As a result of job dissatisfaction, huge turnover rates are noticed and as a result franchise owners are facing huge issues. Also, franchise owners are also facing ethical dilemma. When on one hand they have to cut down the payments of the workers to meet the basic level of financial support to run the stores, they are morally being degraded themselves as they themselves know that they are cheating th e right of the workers (Reeve 2015). However they feel helpless as they have to go on with the trend to keep with their business. Moreover the company is not also empathetic to the others stakeholders and this is evident from the fact that the growing price of the ingredients of the making of pizza is also compensated by the franchise owners either form their own pocket or by cutting down wages where they get no help from employers (Australia 2017). The organizations continuous introduction of new schemes of providing pizza at very cheap rate had added to the ordeal. Moreover, the growing sale of the rival company of pizza hut is yet another blow to the present condition. Hence effective leadership and strategic management are extremely necessary in this situation to develop the working environment of the organizations and it franchises and thereby develops a proper reputation for the company (Bell et al. 2013). Conclusion: Dominoes are one of the most loved pizza centers all over Australia and are a current favorite for all age groups. They have a steady consumer base who wants uninterrupted delivery form the stores. However, the working system of the pizza company is not at all in a proper shape due to various internal conflicts among the various levels. While the workers are underpaid by the franchise owners, they are themselves fighting to meet the minimum sales are required to keep on with the business. No help is received by the franchise owners form the head offices and in turn they completely deny of the so many critical issues occurring in the organization. Hence, a very strong strategic management team is required in the organization that would help them to overcome the stressful situations successfully. References: Australia, B. 2017.The problems for workers during Australia's 'pizza wars' have been revealed. [online] Business Insider. Available at: https://www.businessinsider.com/the-problems-for-workers-during-australias-pizza-wars-have-been-revealed-2017-6?IR=T [Accessed 15 Sep. 2017]. Bell, D.E., Andrews, P. and Shelman, M., 2013. Dominos Pizza.Boston, MA, Estados Unidos: Harvard Business School Publishing. Couriermail.com.au. 2017.Dominos chews up the dough. [online] Available at: https://www.couriermail.com.au/news/queensland/dominos-dream-run-ends-with-854m-sliced-off-its-value/news-story/97750436b83ac74deabf8112bff53086 [Accessed 15 Sep. 2017]. Ferguson, A. 2017.The Domino's Effect. [online] Sydney Morning Herald. Available at: https://www.smh.com.au/interactive/2017/the-dominos-effect/ [Accessed 15 Sep. 2017]. Reeve, B., 2015. The Institutional Influences on Food Industry Self-Regulation-The Food Pyramid Meets the Regulatory Pyramid: Responsive Regulation of Food Advertising to Children. Sivaraman, G. and Turner, P., 2016. The 7-Eleven wages scandal: The need for law reform.Precedent (Sydney, NSW), (135), p.53. Sutherland, C., 2013. Complexity and Simplicity in Australian Enterprise Agreements: Coding Framework, List of Agreements and Chi Square Tables. The Times. 2017.$1b wiped off Domino's shares in minutes. [online] Available at: https://www.victorharbortimes.com.au/story/4855535/1b-wiped-off-dominos-shares-in-minutes/?cs=4182 [Accessed 15 Sep. 2017].

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

Make Your Essay Perfect from the Beginning

Academic Essay How to Begin your Academic EssayThe purpose of academic writing is to express your idea and support it with evidences. Even the structure of your essay must serve this purpose, and the beginning of the essay is one of the most important parts. It must introduce your topic and focus your readers on key points of your paper. It must also give a hint on how you are going to explore a certain issue.Introduce your EssayFirst of all, you have to introduce your topic. But a topic is related to the entire paper, so if you want to make your readers understand the purpose of your essay, you have to get clear how you’re going to work on this topic. Here you need to point out examples of your arguments. Your readers must be able to get a general context of the essay. For example, if you write an essay about the Second Amendment, you can use certain historical sources or legal publications. You can mention some mass shooting or other incidents that raised questions about gun control. Anywa y, your goal is to specify what exactly you will talk about, so this is a stage where you can narrow your topic, which is mostly important for too broad issues. Narrowing your topic is the next necessary step of your introduction essay. You focus your readers on particular features of your subject, giving them a certain context to work with. This simplifies your task and also grabs attention, so your readers want to consider such an issue with you and get clear, what exactly you are talking about.Focus Your EssayIntroducing your essay, try to recall how you started working on this subject. Following the natural line of thoughts, you have to specify the key issue of your essay. Tell which question you consider the most important and why. The nice way to do it is to ask a question, so you could give a detailed answer then. Another approach is writing a thesis statement. You can also give the answer immediately after the question, giving a suggestion about the content of your essay. If you have a controversial topic, your question may be followed by different arguments that represent key points on this question.Obviously, the beginning of your essay shouldn’t be too long. We are talking just about hints that help readers understand your paper and consider certain issue with you. The body of the essay is a better place for detailed analysis and extended answers to the questions raised at the beginning. We also suggest you to make a correct structure that could allow you to develop your idea step-by-step. Write your arguments, sorting them by priority, so that the whole idea of your essay would be clear at the conclusion section.Orient Your ReadersYou have to locate your readers in the discussion, giving them all necessary information. It’s important to orient your readers through your entire essay, but at the beginning, it’s the most important thing. You need to make sure that your readers understand all specific terms and facts. You can easil y find necessary phrases just by answering basic questions about your arguments and statements, such as â€Å"why?†, â€Å"when?†, â€Å"how?† and so on. Thus you provide your readers with a quick guide to your paper. Moreover, if the source of your statement is really short (just like with the Second Amendment), you can write the entire citation. If you use a well-known quote, you can just write a key phrase from it, or the beginning of it. Anyway, we suggest you to pay special attention to orienting your readers, so it’s better to write a short summary of your claims and arguments.The Length of the BeginningThe beginning of the essay writing must be proportional to the other parts. It also depends on the complexity of your topic and used terms. Thus, if you write a five-paragraph essay, we suggest you to make a classic structure with one paragraph of the introduction. Obviously, if your essay is twenty pages long, an introduction would take up to five p ages.You need to write your introduction, following a logical order. You have to focus readers at the end, to create a smooth logical transition to the main part, which is a body of the essay. Keep your topic and context related to each other, but it doesn’t mean that you must always introduce the topic first. Your structure is flexible and you can change it depending on the purpose and style of your essay.

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Simeon Poisson - Biography Essays - Fellows Of The Royal Society

Simeon Poisson - Biography Simeon Poisson's most important works were a series of papers on definite integrals and his advances in Fourier series. Originally forced to study medicine, Poisson began to study mathematics in 1798 at the Ecole Polytechnique. His teachers Laplace and Lagrange were to become friends for life. A memoir on finite differences, written when Poisson was 18, attracted the attention of Legendre. Poisson taught at Ecole Polytechnique from 1802 until 1808 when he became an astronomer at Bureau des Longitudes. In 1809 he was appointed to the chair of pure mathematics in the newly opened Faculte des Sciences. His most important works were a series of papers on definite integrals and his advances in Fourier series. This work was the foundation of later work in this area by Dirichlet and Riemann. In Recherches sur la probabilite des jugements... , an important work on probability published in 1837, the Poisson distribution first appeared. The Poisson distribution describes the probability tha t a random event will occur in a time or space interval under the conditions that the probability of the event occurring is very small, but the number of trials is very large so that the event actually occurs a few times. He published between 300 and 400 mathematical works including applications to electricity and magnetism, and astronomy. His Traite de mecanique published in 1811 and again in 1833 was the standard work on mechanics for many years. His name is attached to a wide area of ideas, for example:- Poisson's integral, Poisson's equation in potential theory, Poisson brackets in differential equations, Poisson's ratio in elasticity, and Poisson's constant in electricity. Libri said of him: His only passion has been science: he lived and is dead for it.

Saturday, November 23, 2019

Free Essays on The Little Drummer Girl

Moral Ambiguity of Charlie in The Little Drummer Girl In George J. Lennard’s, â€Å"John le Carre† critical assessment of the ending of Little Drummer Girl, he claims that â€Å"Charlie can not continue to act in the theater of the real...she can no longer return to the romantic fluff of Western middle class society.† Charlie’s last line in the novel, the theater of the real, are â€Å"I am dead† (pp.659), which confirms Lennard’s statement. Charlie, an actress, by nature and craft is a coerced into a scheme to infiltrate a terrorist ring, against her convictions. By playing upon Charlie’s insecurities and her need for acceptance, this scheme forms a kind of moral ambiguity and uncertainness inside Charlie. When it ends, her world is shattered, and she becomes â€Å"dead† in a figurative sense. The theater of the real forces Charlie to give a performance of a lifetime as her own life is at stake. In the beginning Charlie, willing and naive, accepts the script given to her by Joseph. Joseph himself, trains Charlie how to act in this scheme, much like an acting coach trains an inexperienced theatrical student. Along the way, Joseph gives her important pieces of advice such as â€Å"stay with the logic of the fiction...weaken and you will ruin the operation...we’ll repair [any] damage (pp. 468), advice which Charlie does not closely follow. In a world that will be turn upside down for Charlie, Joseph is her one remaining constant. The people Charlie comes in contact with can be best described as characters or actors in fiction as well. The characters names change almost as frequently as Charlie’s views of her situation. The changing names give way to the belief that the characters, under disguise, can not really be held responsible for their actions as they are in costume. As the novel progresses, Charlie also changes costumes much like a chameleon changes with its environment. When Charlie’s character is ... Free Essays on The Little Drummer Girl Free Essays on The Little Drummer Girl Moral Ambiguity of Charlie in The Little Drummer Girl In George J. Lennard’s, â€Å"John le Carre† critical assessment of the ending of Little Drummer Girl, he claims that â€Å"Charlie can not continue to act in the theater of the real...she can no longer return to the romantic fluff of Western middle class society.† Charlie’s last line in the novel, the theater of the real, are â€Å"I am dead† (pp.659), which confirms Lennard’s statement. Charlie, an actress, by nature and craft is a coerced into a scheme to infiltrate a terrorist ring, against her convictions. By playing upon Charlie’s insecurities and her need for acceptance, this scheme forms a kind of moral ambiguity and uncertainness inside Charlie. When it ends, her world is shattered, and she becomes â€Å"dead† in a figurative sense. The theater of the real forces Charlie to give a performance of a lifetime as her own life is at stake. In the beginning Charlie, willing and naive, accepts the script given to her by Joseph. Joseph himself, trains Charlie how to act in this scheme, much like an acting coach trains an inexperienced theatrical student. Along the way, Joseph gives her important pieces of advice such as â€Å"stay with the logic of the fiction...weaken and you will ruin the operation...we’ll repair [any] damage (pp. 468), advice which Charlie does not closely follow. In a world that will be turn upside down for Charlie, Joseph is her one remaining constant. The people Charlie comes in contact with can be best described as characters or actors in fiction as well. The characters names change almost as frequently as Charlie’s views of her situation. The changing names give way to the belief that the characters, under disguise, can not really be held responsible for their actions as they are in costume. As the novel progresses, Charlie also changes costumes much like a chameleon changes with its environment. When Charlie’s character is ...

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Comparative Law and Globalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Comparative Law and Globalization - Essay Example Comparative law is now subject to the wave of globalisation. Lawyers around the world had predicted that the internationalization or globalisation would eventually lead to an integration of the law or unification of the legal system to a certain extent. The advent of globalisation has necessitated the governments of all countries to be more aware of the diverse set of laws existent throughout the world. Eugà ¨ne Lerminier1, the chairman of comparative legislature believed that it was inevitable that more states would eventually emerge. We are not very far from the vision of Eugà ¨ne Lerminier. Comparative law’s evolution can be traced back to the early nineteen hundreds. William Twining notes2, ‘As the discipline of law is becoming more cosmopolitan in response to the processes loosely labeled ‘globalisation’, so comparative law as a sub-discipline has been moving from a relatively marginal role, dealing with foreign relations, to a much more central role at the hub of the subject. †¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢3 In 1900, Raymond Saleilles 4proposed a common law5 of civilised humanity in France. Subsequently in 1910, a fusion of the Western law and the Chinese law was proposed by the jurist Shen Jiaben6. My legal education has inculcated that legal systems are basically an integral part of social, economic and political development. No social change or change in morals and values takes place without some type of change in the Western academic legal culture. My legal education and my better understanding of legal culture have helped me in understanding the state orientated, secular positivists, top drawn North centric, unempirical and Universalist morals Western academic legal culture tends to follow. Most importantly, it is the Western style legal education that I’ve received, which helps me better relate to the morals of the Western academic legal culture.

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Law Enforcement Challenges Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Law Enforcement Challenges - Research Paper Example The country has three main broad categories of the law which include; civil law, criminal law and regulatory law. Therefore, there are no specific statutes that deal with the crimes that are perpetrated by cyber criminals. The government should collaborate with stakeholders in the information technology industry to come up with laws that will curb the harassment and obscenity involved in cyber stalking, bullying and exploitation. The law enforcement would be able to categorize the different cyber crimes (Brenner, 2010). Law enforcement agencies should also recruit individuals in the information technology sector to guide them in coming up with hackers and other cyber criminals out to exploit innocent people. States should have the ability to work with one another when a cyber crime is carried out across state lines. The law enforcement agencies in the different states should share the knowledge that they hold so that they put an end to the crimes that are committed by these criminals. Some of the most disturbing crimes that are carried out through the internet involve young innocent children by pedophiles (Reyes, 2007). States throughout the country should distribute any information that they might have concerning cyber crimes to ensure that no harm is done on innocent

Sunday, November 17, 2019

Industrialization by Invitation Essay Example for Free

Industrialization by Invitation Essay Did Lewis theory of industrialization by invitation (IBI) lead to some of the social, economic and financial problems being experienced in the region? Discuss your response. Lewis’ theory of â€Å"industrialization by invitation† made a case for the possibility of the creation of a manufacturing sector in the islands in the region, contrary to the ideas proposed by the Moyne Commission. With the overpopulation of the islands, Lewis argued that non-agricultural employment opportunities were required and he saw the manufacturing industry as a means of achieving this goal. Using the theory of comparative cost, Lewis felt that industrialisation would be a viable option for the West Indian islands. He noted, however, that given the fact that that locals lacked adequate knowledge and were relatively inexperienced in this new endeavour, there would have to be a temporary reliance on foreign investors. To attract them, local governments would have to play a very active role by offering various incentives and setting up Industrial Development Corporations. Lewis based his model on Puerto Rico’s Operation Bootstrap. (Rose, 2002) states that by â€Å"early 1960’s the MDCs and some of the LDCs in the region had established the institutional and legal apparatus to accommodate the industrialization development strategy. † There was also an influx of â€Å"foreign capital and visible light manufacturing industries† (Rose, 2002). It would seem, therefore that Lewis’ theory was successful since some economic growth was seen by the MDCs. Be that as it may, closer examination would reveal that the smaller islands did not fare as well in their attempts at industrialization. In fact, even with the success of the MDCs, industrialization by invitation achieved negative results. This was because most of the industries developed as a result proved to be capital intensive rather than labour intensive, thus unemployment rates remained high. The increase in rural to urban migration and the social and political tensions experienced did nothing to improve the situation. The foreign investors did not, as Lewis envisioned, offer sufficient training and assistance to the locals. Instead, they maintained close ties with their own countries and the region was now swept up in yet another cycle of dependency. Consequently, the implementation of Lewis’ strategy can be seen as having some effect on some of the social, economic and financial problems experienced in the region. The fact remains that the countries in the region were forced to compete against each other for foreign investment thus undermining any previous attempts at integration, a situation which still exists today. Lewis’ strategy must not be thought of, though, as being wholly accountable for the region’s problems. In part, this can be seen to have arisen because the region’s governments, in implementing Lewis’ strategy, failed to take into account Puerto Rico’s close ties with the United States and their privileged access to the U. S. markets.

Friday, November 15, 2019

Isolation in Death of a Salesman

Isolation in Death of a Salesman Arthur Millers play Death of a Salesman is the story of a man, Willy Loman, gone deaf to the outside world. Though many try to help him, he shuts them out and creates his own reality in which he is successful and loved by everyone. In Death of a Salesman, Willy has many influences both good and bad attempting to direct his life; it is his refusal to choose the helpful advice that will ultimately lead to his downfall. One negative influence in Willys life is the inability of his friends to confront him about his problems. It is Willys wife that causes him the most harm. In her vain attempt to protect Willy, she actually allows his eventual death. The first sign of her negligence comes in one of Willys flashbacks. Willy brags, I did five hundred gross in Providence and seven hundred gross in Boston(35). But as Linda begins calculating his commission, the value rapidly diminishes to roughly two hundred gross on the whole trip(35). Linda sees what is going on but does not confront him. A very similar situation occurs later in their life when she finds out that Willy is no longer on salary, but borrows money every week from Charley. Again she will not confront him. By not confronting Willy in either of these instances, Linda allows him to sink further into his false reality. But Linda makes an even worse mistake that allows for Willys suicide. She acknowledges his suicidal tendencies when she says, He s been trying to kill himself(58). She tells the boys that she has found the rubber hose in the basement, but she still will not confront Willy. Another character who is unable to be straight with Willy is Willys boss Howard Wagner. Howard allows Willy to keep his job, but does not pay him. If he had just fired him right out it would of forced Willy to find a new job. By stringing him along, Howard allows Willy to maintain his fantasy world unchallenged. These are examples of the most negative influences in Willys life simply because they have the ability to help but choose not to. It seems that the only people who want to help Willy, are those who he least listens to. In fact the two best influences on Willy come from the same family. Bernard grew up with Biff and Happy but chose a much different path. At a key time in Biffs life, Bernard warns I he doesnt buckle down hell flunk(40). In this scene Bernard is trying to tell Willy that he is instilling the wrong values in his sons who are destined for failure. Willy however does not want to listen to Bernard because he has the most popular and athletic son in town. But even later when Willy sees Bernards success he will not listen. Bernard sees that Willy is still holding on to a job that is not working for him and tells him sometimes, Willy, its just better for a man to walk away(95). Willy can only respond by asking But if you cant walk away?(95). Charley, Bernards father, even takes trying to help Willy a step farther. Charley sees early on that Willys job is not working out and begins offering him a job. Cha rley continues to offer this job until the end. And even though Willy refuses to take a job from Charley, Charley continues to loan Willy the money he needs every week knowing he will never get paid back. In this play Charley and Bernard are the only characters from the beginning to the end that truly do everything they can to help Willy; yet still Willy refuses to listen to them. Because Willy does not want to listen to the outside world, he is forced to create his own sources of guidance. This guidance comes in the form of Ben his brother and Dave Singleman. Ben appears to the audience in the form of Willys flashbacks. He excites Willy with tales of self-made fortune. Willy uses Ben as a scapegoat in order to explain his own failures. He makes himself believe that if he had gone with Ben, he too would be rich. By doing this he avoids facing his own failures as a salesmen. Though we never see Dave Singleman, he is the single most powerful influence on Willy. He is Willys personification of the perfect salesman. Willy hopes to gain the respect and success that Dave Singleman had. But in reality Dave represents the superficiality, which Willy bases his life on. All of the good qualities that Dave Singleman possessed were superficial. Nothing is said about his family life or character. Willy needs to realize that it is the inner qualities that count. By creating a mold of the ideal man in his head, Willy sets himself up for disappointment. When he is unable to be the ideal man he wants to be, he looses his will to live and deems himself as a failure. But because he has shut himself off from those around him, no one is able to reach him before it is too late.

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Health Care Reform Recommendations Essay

The topic of heath care reform is a highly debatable one. Many different organizations have diverse ideas on what is essential to ensure a successful healthcare system is developed in the United Sates. After reading recommendations to advance health care reform from the Mayo Clinic’s (2008), The Wall Street Journal’s Health Care CEO Council (2008), consisting of CEO’s from multiple different medical organizations, and America’s Health Insurance Plan (AHIP)(2007), the following is a list of three recommendations considered by all to be valid ideas for healthcare reform: 1. Access: Universal Health Insurance A. A comprehensive health care reform recommendation of providing universal access to affordable, guaranteed, quality insurance plans for those not covered by employer-based programs. This plan would require individuals to buy insurance, giving them choice, accessibility, control, and peace of mind. B. This reform would require adults to purchase private health insurance for themselves and their families. Employers could continue to participate by buying insurance for their employees or giving them stipends to purchase it. However, the individual would own the insurance. C. Appointing and independent agency to provide coordination, oversight and education for individuals choosing insurance options. 2. Quality: Reform the Payment System A. Change the reimbursement system to reward preventive care and evidence-based care, and extend government efforts to no longer reimburse inappropriate, unsafe or wasted care. Define and measure desirable outcomes for most common diseases. B. Payment to providers should be changed in order to improve health and minimize waste. Create payment systems that provide incentives for various providers to coordinate care, improve care, and support informed patient decision-making. Models of payment should be developed based on the success of chronic care coordination, care coordination teams, shared decision-making and episode-based payment. C. Change Medicare to a pay-for-value model. Redistribute Medicare payments to favor physicians who perform well, as opposed to the current system that rewards volume not value. Paying providers based on value can help produce desired results such as: great outcomes, safety, and service at an affordable cost over time. 3. Affordability: A. Poorly coordinated care also drives up costs when individuals seeing several health care practitioners receive the same diagnostic tests and procedures multiple times because one physician did not know that the other already had conducted them. Access to information that compares the effectiveness and cost of treatments: give providers, patients and purchasers access to a trusted source where they can find up-to-date and objective information on which health care services are most effective and provide the best value. B. Provide positive personal health habit incentives. Lifestyles characterized by smoking, poor diet, and lack of exercise leading to obesity are key contributors to high health care costs in the United States. Childhood obesity significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease in adulthood (CDC, 2006) and according to a study done by the Office of the US Surgeon General (2007), the complications from obesity: cardiovascular disease, diabetes and cancer are estimated to cost $92 billion (Finkelstein, 2003) in lost productivity per year whereas estimates suggest that the health consequences of smoking may lead to more than $75 billion per year in medical expenditures. C. Provide tax credits to individuals, families for the purchase of insurance, and to small business owners that provide medical coverage to employees. On January 24, 2007, while speaking about healthcare at Families USA, a healthcare advocacy group, then Senator Obama said â€Å" The time has come for universal health care in America [†¦ ] I am absolutely determined that by the end of the first term of the next president, we should have universal health care in this country. † (Wikipedia, n. d). Senator McCain however, proposed tax credits and open-market competition as opposed to government funding control (Wikipedia, n. d. ) In comparison, President Obama and Senator McCain, had similar plans in regards to cost and quality improvement. Both parties suggested the adoption of medical malpractice reforms, allowing drug re-importation, focusing on healthcare costs as a reflection of quality service, prevention and care of chronic conditions, and development/deployment of HIT. In addition to similarities in cost and quality improvement, both also believed that prevention is the key to creating a healthier population. Senator McCain focused more on individual responsibility in maintaining and healthy lifestyle whereas President Obama supported increased funding to community based preventive interventions. Overall, a comparison of both parties preliminarily health reform plans reflect multiple similarities in general ideas of needed reforms to the United Sate’s current healthcare system. Whether by adopting a universal healthcare system or implementing changes to the current system; extending coverage, lowering costs, and improving quality of care are all issues agreed upon by both parties as needing attention. References America’s Health Insurance Plans (AHIP)(2007). Guaranteeing Access to Coverage for all Americans. Retrieved 26 January 2009, from http://www. ahipbelieves. com/media/AHIP%20Guarantee%20Access%20Plan. pdf Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2006). National Center for Health Statistics. Retrieved 26 January 2009, from http://www. cdc. gov/nchs/data/hesate/preliminarydesths05_tables. pdf. Finkelstein E. , et al. (2003). National medical spending attributable to obesity: How much and who’s paying? Health Affairs. W3: 219-226. The Mayo Clinic Health Policy Center (2008). Building Upon the Cornerstones: Recommendations, action steps and strategies to advance health care reform. Retrieved 26 January 2009, from http://www. mayoclinic. org/healthpolicycenter/recommendations. html The Wall Street Journal (2008) CEO Council: Shaping The New Agenda, Health Care. Retrieved 24 January 2009, from http://blogs. wsj. com/ceo-council/2008/11/23/health-care/ U. S. Surgeon General (2007). Overweight and Obesity: Health Consequences. Retrieved 26 January 2009, from http://www. surgeongeneral. gov/topics/obesity/calltoaction/fact_consequences. htm. Wikipedia (n. d. ). HealthCare Reform in the United States. Retrieved 26 January 2009, from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Health_care_reform_in_the_United_States#cite_note-152

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Philippine Prehistory: Lessons from the Historical Past Essay

Throughout the weeks of this course, I’ve learned a lot more about the Philippines as a place, as well as the people themselves and about the things they do. Before, I just went with the stereotypes that everyone says about Filipino’s, they’re all short, they’re poor, etc. In some cases, that remains true, but not for all of them out there. They also seem to be more advanced in technology than I thought they were. There is a lot more to the people, the country, the culture and their rich history. Some things I didn’t know about the Philippines were that they had established their own writing system before they had any contact or knowledge about other people or languages in the world. Baybayin or Alibata consisted of 14 consonants and 3 vowels, while using dots on the tops and bottoms of characters to distinguish consonants with certain vowels and a cross beneath character which takes out the vowel, leaving just the consonant. They also had technology of tools, using them to engrave the Baybayin writing into bamboo poles and creating the Angono Petroglyphs and the Laguna Copperplate Inscription (LCI). The LCI was found and nobody knew what it was, nor did anyone want it. But it held important information about how society was back then. The inscription was about the forgiveness of a debt. It was linked to several cities that still exist now. The Angono Petroglyphs exist in a cave in the province of Rizal. They contain images on rock walls of animals and humans that date back to 3000 B. C. Now days, due to erosion of the walls and defacing of the walls, some images have become indistinguishable. Another thing about the Philippines that I didn’t know about was the Tabon man. The Tabon man is reported the oldest known set of bones found in the Tabon Caves said to date back 30,000 years making it the oldest remains found in the Philippines. Some also believe it to be a woman. Some geologic things I didn’t know about were that the Philippines have three sections; Palawan, Mindanao, and Visayas. Within these areas, there are over 100 different languages spoken, although the national language is Filipino. In Mindanao, it is the place where the Islam religion is most prominent. It was introduced 100 years before Christianity. The Philippines consist of 7,100 Islands, but some of them only being above sea level in low tide, and under sea levels in high tide. There are only around 500 islands that are larger than 1 square mile and only 800 of the 7,100 are inhabited. The Philippines, as a whole, is about 194 times larger than Hawaii. There are two pronounced seasons, wet and dry, where June – November is wet and December – March is dry. Manila is the Capital of the Philippines and the Philippines has the 2nd largest mall in the world, the Mall of Asia. The Philippines is different than how I had looked at it before, and now I know more about their culture and how they live. This history is important because it shows where these people have been and where they are going. Although there might be some bad things throughout history here and there, it’s what brought the country to where it is now. This Country has more to offer than what I previously had thought and in my eyes, it seems like a pretty nice place to visit or live in.

Friday, November 8, 2019

KK1 essays

KK1 essays The film A Fish Called Wanda is on the AFIs (American Film Institute) Greatest 100 Comedies list. Although this film features talented actors like John Cleese and Jamie Lee Curtis, Kevin Kline easily steals the show. Kline gives a brilliant performance as the pseudo-intellectual Otto. What makes Kline so remarkable is the way that he moves and makes his character dance across the screen. Right from the outset, in one of the films first scene, we see that Klines Otto is no normal jewel thief. Even though Otto is supposed to be working under the guise that he is Wandas (Jamie Lee Curtis) sister, he quickly gives her breast a squeeze in full view of Ken, one of the other robbers. What makes this movement work comically is that Kline does it so lightening fast and that if you blinked you might miss it. He has such control over his arm that he is able to extend it, and withdraw it in a matter of maybe a second. This allows for the suspended disbelief that Ken does not see him do it. Another movement that Kline makes also speaks volumes about his body control. Otto and Wanda are together in what I take to be Ottos quarters. They are speaking excitedly about something and he leaps into the air, grabs a pipe that is suspended from the ceiling, lifts himself completely off the ground and sails on to the bed with the grace of a ballerina. This is so interesting because Klines Otto is supposed to a be a vulgar American bank robber. His graceful movement is evidenced again when Otto and Wanda go to the garage to claim the jewels the stole from a safe. Otto is angered by the fact that the jewels are not there. He goes over to kick a car out of anger. Rather then just kicking the tire, or burying his foot into the car door, Kline leaps into up and kicks the car twice while he is in the air. He takes what is just a simple movement and makes into something much more. While Kevin Kline is not a big man i...

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Odysseus Best of the Achaens essays

Odysseus Best of the Achaens essays Odysseus receives the title of being the 'best of the Achaeans" regardless of his apparent lack of battle skills and physical strength. Odysseus was more of a counselor and a schemer than he was a fighter, so eventually the concept of a hero was transformed. Although the Greek's original understanding of a hero mostly consisted of extensive physical strength and stamina, it eventually comes to possess the qualities that Odysseus possesses. In several occasions, Odysseus uses this raw kind of trickery and intelligence to get him through one obstacle to another. In fact, we see how cunning he is even before he began his journey home, when we are introduced to his invention of the Trojan Horse, which influenced the war's victory immensely. He also applies his renowned cleverness throughout his journey home, including overcoming Polyphemus, escaping the sirens, and eventually overcoming the suitors that nearly took over his kingdom. Although Odysseus proves himself in many occasions, it is clear that all of his accomplishments were not achieved solely on his own. It could be argued that one requirement of being a hero, is having a divine god on the side of that individual. It is made most obvious that Odysseus is one of Athena's favorites of the mortals, and in turn she practically hands Odysseus his glory. Without Athena on Odysseus's side, he most certainly would not have prevailed as the hero that he is recognized as. In addition to this, Athena is not the only god that helps, as there are several of who assists Odysseus. Aeolus', the god of the winds, assists Odysseus in getting close to the shores of Ithica, and the god Hermes orders Calypso to release him so he can continue on his way. Ultimately, the changing understanding of a Greek hero is revealed quite clearly in The Odyssey, and Odysseus sets the standard of this new type of hero that has emerged. He proved himself a hero because he overcame all of his c...

Sunday, November 3, 2019

Computerized Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Computerized Accounting - Essay Example The purpose of special journals is to record transactions received in form of electronic forms such as payroll, sales, expenses, cash received, and cash payments. The special journals are comprised of separate accounts, which are aimed at recording relevant information and posts pertaining to that account only. The system calculates the sum of each account in special journals and posts it in the general ledger tab of the software for a given period of time. Subsequently, the system takes data from these general ledger entries and creates the financial statements such as balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement. Similarly, the payroll journals are comprised of all the relevant information and data pertaining to the salaries, wages and compensation paid to employees. It may also contain the information related to taxes, which are required to be paid to government. These transactions are entered periodically in the system. The sales journal of a special journal is designed to record all the sales transactions. There can be more than one or numerous journals in special journal for sales transactions as it is dependent on the number of goods and services sold by the business. The accounts receivables are entered in the journal named as cash receipt in the special journal, which represents the money not received from the customers. The cash disbursement journal is used to record the cash utilized by the company for purchase of inputs (wisegeek, n.d.). The merchandizing operations are comprised of buying and selling of goods to consumers. Furthermore, it also requires to make certain expenses to obtain inputs and resources for making these goods and spend on the marketing and distribution of these services and goods.   On the other hand service operations are more related to over see the daily routine activities of a business that is aimed at delivering quality products and services to consumer therefore, it involves having a broader perspective then merchandizing operations, where as, the merchandizing operation deals with selling the final product to the customers, buying necessary inventories in this regard, and collecting cash from customers.

Friday, November 1, 2019

Foreign Direct Investment in Developing Countries Essay

Foreign Direct Investment in Developing Countries - Essay Example The current global climate relies heavily on the existence of Foreign Direct Investment as a determining factor in the economic growth of any region. However, questions remain as to why there are certain pockets of countries where FDI seems to be flourishing, while others are vying for attention in this regard. There are many statistics that point to this (Vaknin, 2007, np). For example, only one third of the developing and poor nations get any forms of FDIs, and these are perhaps the neediest ones. Also, the contribution of the FDIs in the global economy is not even five percent. Then why is it considered as the next wave of development and a ray of light for poor nations' development FDIs have been strongly criticized for seizing the local talent of a country, preventing local growth, and thereby further reducing the economic development. Alongside, the other political, social and legal ramifications are amongst others in the list of problems associated with FDI (Vaknin, 2007, np). These and other such arguments have been raised in the past at the time when FDIs were being introduced for the first time across the world, and many critics still believe that such actions are leading to overall negative impacts in the long run on the poor countries. Foreign Direct Investment is defined as "investment in domestic structures, equipment and organization by foreign private sector or government. FDI does not include foreign portfolio investment in a domestic economy. The latter refers to investment in equity of domestic companies by foreign economic agents" (Kumo, 2009, np).On the other hand, there are many examples showing FDI as a potential source of success in the economy of a developing country. India for example, has become one of the world's favorite in gaining FDIs (Bhaumik et al, 2003, pp 2 and 3). The IT sector is one of the most prominent examples, which have jumpstarted India's GDP to one of the largest in the developing world. These and many such shining examples are now showing that FDIs can play a very important contributory role in improving the economic prosperity of poor nations. The initial skepticism is now giving way to acceptance and even appreciation of FDIs as research results show improved economic outcomes w ith the introduction of multinational companies and foreign investments over loans.Education is another recently discovered successful area where FDIs are taking place in India. Although critics pose questions about the cons of the education FDI in terms of personal gains instead of the gains for the country, so far, these investments are providing countries with a rope to hang on to, where others are sinking (Bhaumik et al, 2003, pp 4). The number of researches conducted on the beneficial effects of FDIs outnumber those that critic them. FDIs have been so far found to directly improve the financial and educational sectors of a country (Alfaro et al, 2007, pp 7). These countries are termed as the host countries. Researches show that those countries with good links between the final and intermediary industry sectors as well as good human capital are likely to get more FDIs (Alfaro et al, 20

Wednesday, October 30, 2019

Organisational change management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 2

Organisational change management - Essay Example The positive energy approach will help to build the organisations on the strengths (Cooperrider and Whitney, 2001; Cooperrider, et al., 2008). The first step in this process is identifying and describing the problems which are needed to be solved. The approach can be described in five steps: (Source: The Eye Health Summit, 2013) Definition Definition is the first phase of the Appreciative Inquiry process. It is the phase where the organisations try to find out the underlying issues of the current business process, which require immediate attention of the management. In this phase, the management makes a flow map of those factors which are creating problems in the present business process and require external enquiry. In today’s business environment, the importance of organisational change management has been one of the most widely investigated areas. The organisational change management has gained attraction to a great extent from the researchers all around the world. Accordin g to Harigopal (2006), the organisational change is an essential process associated with the growth and expansion of a particular business. It is considered to be a complex process because a change which was successful for one organisation might not be so for other organisations. Thus, it becomes necessary to check that the change is congruent to dynamism, complexity and finally the uniqueness of the respective organization. The changes taking place in the political, economic and social environment also has an effect on the individuals and the organizations. Even if the change has been a constant process but its rapidity and swiftness have always been different. It is because of this reason that the external environmental changes have forced the organizations to make certain changes in their operational systems. We find a large number of companies implementing various strategic changes for coping up with the existing challenges. In case of strategic change, the companies restructure their business or marketing plans in a wider context. The main intention of performing strategic changes in an organization is for achieving the organizational goals and harmonizing the organizational activities along with the business environment. Organizational change management is one of the most crucial activities of an organization (Chen, et al., 2013). According to Jones (2004), there are two reasons responsible for the changes in the organizations. One is the response to the changes in the external environment. Another reason is the response of the companies to a specific crisis situation. The organizational change also becomes evident when various companies undergo any change in their executive power (Haveman, Russo and Meyer, 2001). The present study deals with the investigation of the problems in D2, which is an automobile components manufacturer. The company is facing a large number of problems associated with the cost of operations. The economic downturn has resulted in the worsening of the scenario in the company. D2 had to struggle for surviving in the market. The company planned for formulation of new strategies in order to achieve the economies of scale. The new strategy which has been taken into consideration is yet to be conveyed to the employees and only the senior managers are informed about the strategy

Monday, October 28, 2019

Explain Why the Treatment of Indigenous People Essay Example for Free

Explain Why the Treatment of Indigenous People Essay There were two main concepts that were thought to have motivated European countries to explore and colonize in America: the excitement and the profit of the New World. Throughout the 17th century England and Spain began to fight for control of the North American Continent, with different economic goals in mind. The success in the colonization of the New World depended on many factors one which included the treatment of the natives. Although the ideal treatment of natives within the countries colonies was identical by violently taking the Native American lands and turning them into outpost for their empires; however, their incentive for the treatment was different. The Spanish revealed a more systematic way of mistreating the natives because they intended to colonize America for gold and slaves without any obstacles, and the English colonized for land with no intention or preparation to interfere with the native people intensely until they necessarily had to. Francisco Vasquez de Coronado led a massive expedition bent on finding and conquering Seven Golden Cities of Cibola, while doing so, he embittered many Native Americans toward the Spanish. As the Spaniards trudged through the North American borders in search of gold and slaves, they established a labor system called the encomienda system which helped sustain control over the natives in North, Central, and South America, so they can have certain opportunities to roam the lands in search of gold without any unwanted interruptions. Conquistadors were granted trusteeship over the indigenous people they conquered, in an expansion of familiar feudal institutions, notably the commendation ceremony, which had been established in New Castile during the Reconquista. The conquistadors scrupulously adhered to the Spanish law of conquest by reading the Requerimiento, which ordered defiant Indians, in Spanish, to accept Spanish rule and Christian conversion immediately. If the Indians ignored this order, they deserved the harsh punishments of a just war. For example, as the Spanish encountered swift resistance at the mesa-top pueblo of Acoma, the Indians refused Spanish demands for provisions for an exploring expedition. Spanish troops captured the pueblo, killing eight hundred inhabitants in the process, forcing surviving men to have one foot cut off and along with the women and children, to be servants of the soldiers and missionaries. As for the English and their colonalization, they strived for the land of the Americas, with little rivalry from the natives as possible; therefore, unlike the Spaniards they did not have a systematic way of controlling the natives. At first all went well, the Native Indians eagerly traded and shared their corn. Given such abundance and native hospitality, the colonist wondered why they should work at all. Refusing to grow their own food they expected the Roanokes to feed them. However, the English had outlived their welcome, and fearing that the natives were about to attack, the English soldiers killed the Roanoke leader. Although some settlers were curious and open-minded about the Indians way of life, most assumed that Native Americans would submit to their authority and feed them while they looked for gold. The Spaniards had different ways of conquering the American land treating the indigenous people than the English people however, they each shared the same idea that the Indians needed to be controlled and cater to the needs of those who conquered them. They felt that they did not need to respect the culture, the religion, and the people of the land. The Europeans had a high self respect which they felt overpowered that of the natives. They wanted what was not theirs in order to better their economy without any compromise, while destroying another societys culture. Because of this they were able to come to the same conclusion that they could treat the Natives as they did. To conclude, the Spanish and the English had a similar perspective of how they wanted to treat the natives of the lands they conquered, however they differed in strategy in how they were able to confine them because of the goals they individually had in mind prior to their conquest. The English had a simple idea of coming into America sharing the land and the crops with the natives until they got afraid and too greedy, leaving violence as a resort. With the Spanish, they strategize according to the fact that they wanted the gold and to enslave the native people with no mercy, resulting in striping the natives away from their dignity.

Saturday, October 26, 2019

Imperialism :: essays research papers

Modern World Extensive European imperialism took place between 1875 and 1914. This was a time when European countries took over many parts of Africa and Asia. According to the Modern World Issues Textbook imperialism is â€Å" The policy of extending one’s rule over many lands.† There are many views on this topic yet in my opinion Imperialism should have never taken place.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As in the story King Mojimba Meets his first white man, the Africans were standing with outstretched arms when the Europeans arrived. The Africans went to meet the Europeans and welcome them as brothers, but the Europeans immediately began firing their guns when they arrived. There is no reason why the Europeans needed to take over parts of Asia and Africa when these people did nothing to give the Europeans reason to do so.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Everyone has something to contribute to society but the Europeans never gave anyone but themselves a chance to contribute a single thing The Europeans never gave the Africans or Asians a time to show what they had to offer. And the Europeans certainly did have a lot to offer. They had to offer their knowledge of eating, warfare, and their general knowledge of the world around them. The Europeans looked at the Africans and Asians as worthless. This was one of the reasons the Europeans did not give these groups a chance.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   If there had not been the Imperialism the world would be a lot different than it is today. Asians and Africans would be much more respected and would have the same opportunities as everyone else. Even though our constitution gives all groups equal right and freedom they do not get it from the people they live with every day. There is still quite a lot of prejudice in the world.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"To the Social Darwinists the anti-imperialists replied by denying that the struggle for existence applied to human groups in the way it applied to plants and animals†, (Hobson, 2A).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although many believe that the Imperialism should never have taken place many look at another way. â€Å" The whites, outnumbered in a harsh world, had to organize themselves and hold non-whites off†, (Chamberlain, 1B). In other words there were more Africans and Asians than Europeans. The Europeans felt intimidated by this and felt the need to fight back and take-over. The Europeans were a little cocky and said that they in fact were the best.

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Odie clutched the can of orange juice

Odie clutched the can of orange juice. It was very cold against his palms which were very wet—either from the coldness or the sweat that was slowly forming in his callused hands. He had callused hands—hands which had been witnesses to the harsh realities of life and the absurdities of things—of fate and of faith. Odie smiled upon remembering his hands.The hands of a warrior. He was watching the battlefield in front of him—the warriors were armed. Only a simple command from him—their leader—and the thousands of warriors would be willing to sacrifice their lives for the survival of their tribe, of their nation.Odie raised his right hand, brandishing the gleaming sword in the air—the war has begun. He opened his mouth to give the command†¦ and a car screeched nearby and Odie was awakened from his day dreaming. He was no warrior and there was no sword.The can of orange juice had lost its coldness by then, and Odie walked up their path way into the confines of his home. No, it was a house. No, it was also not a house. It was a tiny apartment—just a very, very small space in this world where he can sleep, eat, take a bath, change clothes, and†¦ become someone else.Odie stepped into his room and looked at the computer—this is it—the moment when he stops from being the muddled and the ridiculed Odie. This is the moment when he stops from being the weird and tame Odie. In fact, this is where he stops from being Odie altogether—he can now be anything and anyone whom he wants to be.The only thing in the world right now is the computer screen, the people on-line who are impatiently waiting and clamoring for the attention of his other self—Brigade719.Odie logged on and Brigade719 has entered the world of cyberspace. He was now lost to the endless possibilities which can happen. He can be the warrior who brandishes the gleaming sword, he can be the courageous general who bravely stan ds on the front, he can be the destroyer of evil empires, and he can be the prince to the many princesses who are vying for his on-line attention.Odie clutched the can of orange juice. He walked slowly and silently along the hallways of his university—no one was paying him any attention. If a person looked at him now, in a matter of seconds, he would probably be forgotten. He was small, scrawny, and shy. In the room, he barely spoke; he barely talked even when he was addressed by his professors. Not that his professors actually talked to him.The average times of people actually addressing Odie would be the average times a Starbucks store would be closing down—which to say, was rarely. Yet, he was kind and gentle. In fact, he was too kind and too gentle that people rendered him to be non-existent. But that’s okay with Odie—since later on, in the confines of his tiny apartment, in that very messy room—he becomes someone else.Odie logged on and Brigad e719 has entered the world of cyberspace. There, in the screen, are over a hundred invitations to be his on-line friend. There, in the bright, bright screen, are over a thousand possibilities of showing his intelligence, his bravery, and his wit. Brigade719 smiled. He was ready—bringing his fingers closer to the keyboard, he took on the possibilities.

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Determination of water of hydration Essay

Observation of copper sulfate No copper sulfate Light blue After heating for about 2-3 minutes, of the powder turns lighter and then into grey-white. Water released as vapor is observed from this point. After heating for another 2-3 minutes, of the powder turns into grey-white. After heating for 10 minutes, the whole part of the powder turns into grey-white with some parts of light green The whole part of the powder remains grey-white with some parts of light green The whole part of the powder remains grey-white with some parts of light green * Mass of hydrated copper sulfate (g) = (46.08 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.01) – (43.78 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.01) = 2.30 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.02 (g) * Mass of water (g) = ( 46.08 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.01) – (45.22 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.01) = 0.86 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.02 (g) * General reaction: hydrate anhydrous salt + water CuSO4.xH2O CuSO4 + xH2O m 2.30 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.02 (g) 0.86 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.02 (g) M 160 +18x (g/mol) 18x (g/mol) * n xH2O (mol) = n CuSO4.xH2O = = (0.86 )(160 + 18x) = )18x 160(0.86 ) + 18x(0.86 ) = )18x 160(0.86 ) = 18x(1.44 0.04) x = = = 5.3 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.3 Conclusion: The value of x in CuSO4.xH2O is quite similar to the value on the label (literal value) of the hydrated copper sulfate jar (% of difference is 6%) Evaluation Limitations Effects Improvements The number of experiments carried out is not enough (Random error) If the data obtained are inaccurate; as a result, the value of x calculated will be inaccurate Do the experiment many times When cooling the crucible, water can be reformed in copper sulfate (random error) Weight of the crucible may increase Use a data logger computer to take the mass of the crucible continuously until the mass remains unchanged The flame is too strong (random error) Some copper sulfate molecules may be decomposed Keep the flame at a reasonable height and temperature

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

pH Levels Differences Between Normal Urine and Diabetic Urine †Human Anatomy Paper

pH Levels Differences Between Normal Urine and Diabetic Urine – Human Anatomy Paper Free Online Research Papers pH Levels Differences Between Normal Urine and Diabetic Urine Human Anatomy Paper Kidneys are bean-shaped organs that lie along the dorsal wall of the abdominal cavity (Couch and Burger 2004). The two bean-shaped organs are located in the centers of the excretory system where blood and numerous of types fluid can pass through. A person can survive with only one functioning kidney, but if both kidneys fail, the buildup of toxic wastes and the lack of regulation of blood pressure, pH, and ion concentrations will lead to death if untreated (Campbell et all. 2006). Three experiments were taken with the specific organ, all with different procedures and substances. Experiment two was a dialysis test showing positive and negative reactions for specific substances. Hypothesis for Experiment 2 is stated that substances Albumin and Glucose will be positive reactions, Starch and Sodium chloride will be negative reactions. In Experiment three the involvement of â€Å"Normal Urine† and â€Å"Diabetic Urine† are mixed wit different substances. Hypothesis for Experiment three is the pH would be between 1 and 5 for both â€Å"Normal Urine† and â€Å"Diabetic Urine†, the glucose would be at highest of 100 for both urines, and ketones will be negative reactions for both urines. The first Experiment was the control experiment, the procedures are, One: Fold a piece of filter paper in half, then in half again, and open it to form a con e (Couch and Burger 2004). The filter paper will allow any substance with a molecular weight less than 100 to pass through (Couch and Burger 2004). Two: Place the cone into the funnel and place the funnel over a beaker or Erlenmeyer flask (Couch and Burger 2004). Three: Shake a solution containing a few particles of charcoal (black), copper sulfate (blue), and starch (white) in water, and pour it into the funnel until the mixture nearly reaches the rim of the filter paper (Couch and Burger 2004). Four: Count the number of drops passing through the funnel during the time intervals, and record your results (Couch and Burger 2004). Five: Observe which substances passed through the filter by noting the color of the filtrate (Couch and Burger 2004). To determine if starch passed through the filter, add a few drops of iodine to the filtrate in the beaker or flask (Couch and Burger 2004). A blue-black color indicates the presence of starch (Couch and Burger 2004). Six: Observe the color o f the filter paper to determine which substances did not pass through (Couch and Burger 2004). Experiment two was a dialysis test, procedures are the following, One: Tie off one end of a piece of dialysis tubing that has been soaking in distilled water (Couch and Burger 2004). Be careful not to handle the tubing any more than necessary, and only hold it by the ends (Couch and Burger 2004). Two: Place a prepared solution containing starch, sodium chloride (salt), 5% glucose, and albumin into the bag (Couch and Burger 2004). Three: Tie off the other end of the bag, check for leaks by gently squeezing the bag, then rinse it with distilled water. Immerse the bag into a beaker of distilled water (Couch and Burger 2004). Four: After one hour, test the solution in the beaker for the substances that were put into the dialysis tubing bag and record your results; A. Albumin – put 2 ml of the solution from the beaker into a test tube (Couch and Burger 2004).Add 3 drops of Biuret reagent (Couch and Burger 2004).A positive test is a color change from blue to violet (Couch and Burger 2004). B. Glucose – put 3 ml of the beaker solution and 3 ml of Benedict’s reagent into a test tube (Couch and Burger 2004). Heat in a water bath for about 2-3 minutes (Couch and Burger 2004). A positive test is a change in color from clear blue to cloudy green or yellow-orange (Couch and Burger 2004). C. Starch – put 2 ml of the beaker solution into a test tube and add 4-5 drops of IKI (iodine) solution (Couch and Burger 2004). A positive test is a blue-black color change (Couch and Burger 2004) D. Sodium chloride – put 2 ml of the beaker solution into a test tube and add several drops of 1% silver nitrate (Couch and Burger 2004). A positive test is the formation of a white precipitate (Couch and Burger 2004).Last experiment procedures involve Urine, the procedures are as follows; One: obtain a reagent strip and determine the location of the specific reactions on the strip (Couch and Burger 2004). Examine the chart on the container that indicates the re spective color changes (Couch and Burger 2004). Two: Pour some of the â€Å"Diabetic Urine† into a test tube, making sure that you have enough to completely immerse all of the reagent squares on the strip (Couch and Burger 2004). Dip the strip into the â€Å"urine† and drain it on a paper towel to remove excess solution (Couch and Burger 2004). Three: Read results according to the chart on the container and RECORD your results (Couch and Burger 2004). Six: Repeat this test for â€Å"Normal Urine† (Couch and Burger 2004). Results In Experiment 1, which was the control substance results concluded that at a time of ten seconds the volume of water was 30 drops, substrate in filtrate was starch and substance left in filter was charcoal. At a time of 30 seconds the volume of water was 50 drops, substance in filtrate was starch and copper-sulfate, and the substance left in the filter was charcoal. In 60 seconds time, the volume of water was at 76 drops, substance in filtrate was again starch and copper-sulfate, and the substance left in the filter was charcoal. Last with a time of 120 seconds, volume of water was left at 76 drops, substance in filtrate was again starch and copper-sulfate, and the substance left in the filter was charcoal, all of which is shown on table one In Experiment 2 involving dialysis the results for substances Albumin was a positive reaction, Glucose is a negative reaction, Starch is a negative reaction, and last Sodium chloride is a positive reaction. All these results involving dialysis can be seen in Table 2. Experiment 3 results represent urine tests. For results involving pH as a substance, in â€Å"Normal Urine† the pH is 7, in â€Å"Diabetic Urine† pH is 5. With a substance of glucose â€Å"Normal Urine† is 150, and â€Å"Diabetic Urine† is 500. Last with a substance of Ketone, â€Å"Normal Urine† is a negative reaction, and â€Å"Diabetic Urine† is a negative reaction, all of which can be seen on Table3. Discussion As results were concluded it was clear that Experiment 2 hypothesis stating that substances Albumin and Glucose will be positive reactions and Starch and Sodium chloride will be negative solutions was incorrect in some aspects and in Experiment 3 hypothesis stating the pH would be between 1 and 5 for both â€Å"Normal Urine† and â€Å"Diabetic Urine†, the glucose would be at highest of 100 for both urines, and ketones will be negative reactions for both urines was incorrect. While testing on dialysis in experiment 2 and shown in table 2, as results were posted clearly stated that Albumin and Sodium Chloride were the two substances my hypothesis did not support. What dialysis does for the kidneys is acts like a lifesaver not only for people that have both kidneys failing, but also non-exercisers, the people that have no guide to a healthy life. Furnishing dialysis in the United States to large numbers of patients already in poor health and with limited life e xpectancies has contributed to the highest yearly mortality rate for dialysis patients in the developed world- approximately 24% in 1988 (Hines et al. 1997). For these reasons it is important to know what this does for your kidneys. This also helps me understand why the hypothesis was incorrect by stating that Albumin was a positive reaction and Sodium chloride is a negative reaction. Possible errors that could have occurred in the final result of these two substances that were incorrect may have been improper washing of beaker, also not enough of Albumin and Sodium chloride in the dialysis tubing. Experiment 1 was obvious what the results were going to be when testing charcoal with starch and copper sulfate in our control experiment. No errors were recorded for experiment 1, also results supported hypothesis in stating that charcoal would have been the only substance not allowed to filter through because of more particles and a higher concentration. Involving â€Å"Normal Urine† and â€Å"Diabetic Urine† in Experiment 3 it is said that† Diabetic nephropathy, or diabetic kidney disease, affects 20 to 30 percent of patients with diabetes (Thorp and Micah 2005). While testing both â€Å"Normal Urine† and â€Å"Diabetic Urine†, glucose in the â€Å"Diabetic Urine† and the ph in â€Å"Normal Urine† are what my hypothesis did not support. Stating in the hypothesis about glucose being a high of a 100 for both â€Å"Normal Urine† and â€Å"Diabetic Urine† is something I do not support now that I have done further research o n diabetics. There are no potential errors for the result outcome for Experiment 3. Concluding all results and hypothesis stated, Experiment 2 and 3 are definite factors people of any age should be aware of. For diabetic patients, Experiments 2 and 3 should hit really close to home with their lives, and these substances that they see every day. Diabetic nephropathy presents in its earliest stage with low levels of albumin (microalbuminuria) in the urine (Thorp and Micah 2005). Stating this alone is reason enough for all non diabetics and diabetics of all types to be on the look out for any new experiments. Research Papers on pH Levels Differences Between Normal Urine and Diabetic Urine - Human Anatomy PaperThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseResearch Process Part OneThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenStandardized TestingGenetic EngineeringInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementDefinition of Export QuotasMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New Employees

Monday, October 21, 2019

Free Essays on Under Age Drinking

Everyone knows that it is illegal to consume alcohol until the age of 21. Many people are In agreement with this legal restriction. Some would even say that it needs to be raised. Why is 21 the "magical" age that makes one intelligent and mature enough to consume alcohol? Surely, some adults abuse alcohol and some teenagers would be perfectly able to drink responsibly. Many have asked the question, should the drinking age be lowered from age twenty-one to age eighteen. The national drinking age for men and woman should remain at age twenty-one. Before 1982 there was no national conformity in the laws dealing with alcohol consumption legal age. Each state had different laws and regulations set on the drinking age. In the mid-1980's this changed. "The drinking age was set by federal law in the mid-1980's mostly because of pressure from Mothers against Drunk Driving (MADD)" (Dogan 1). This gave conformity throughout the nation with a national drinking law.! Today there are many arguments put forth to justify attempts to lower the drinking age. One of the most prevalent arguments for the drinking age heard is, "if were old enough to be sent to war and die we are old enough to drink alcohol" (Heffernan 1). This argument has an underlined fallacy. When an eighteen-year-old youth is drafted into the military he is subjected to many months of rigorous training and preparation for his duties as a solider. Not only is he intensively trained, he is provided constant leadership. This is exactly the opposite of what happens when a youth reaches the legal age to drink. The youth is not trained or prepared to take on the burden of responsible drinking. Rather than provided leadership he is subjected to peer pressure encouraging him to act irresponsibly. The draft age and drinking age argument does not provide a convincing basis for a change in the law. A second argument often heard supporting a reduction in lowerin... Free Essays on Under Age Drinking Free Essays on Under Age Drinking Everyone knows that it is illegal to consume alcohol until the age of 21. Many people are In agreement with this legal restriction. Some would even say that it needs to be raised. Why is 21 the "magical" age that makes one intelligent and mature enough to consume alcohol? Surely, some adults abuse alcohol and some teenagers would be perfectly able to drink responsibly. Many have asked the question, should the drinking age be lowered from age twenty-one to age eighteen. The national drinking age for men and woman should remain at age twenty-one. Before 1982 there was no national conformity in the laws dealing with alcohol consumption legal age. Each state had different laws and regulations set on the drinking age. In the mid-1980's this changed. "The drinking age was set by federal law in the mid-1980's mostly because of pressure from Mothers against Drunk Driving (MADD)" (Dogan 1). This gave conformity throughout the nation with a national drinking law.! Today there are many arguments put forth to justify attempts to lower the drinking age. One of the most prevalent arguments for the drinking age heard is, "if were old enough to be sent to war and die we are old enough to drink alcohol" (Heffernan 1). This argument has an underlined fallacy. When an eighteen-year-old youth is drafted into the military he is subjected to many months of rigorous training and preparation for his duties as a solider. Not only is he intensively trained, he is provided constant leadership. This is exactly the opposite of what happens when a youth reaches the legal age to drink. The youth is not trained or prepared to take on the burden of responsible drinking. Rather than provided leadership he is subjected to peer pressure encouraging him to act irresponsibly. The draft age and drinking age argument does not provide a convincing basis for a change in the law. A second argument often heard supporting a reduction in lowerin...

Sunday, October 20, 2019

Learn VBA Macro Coding Word 2007

Learn VBA Macro Coding Word 2007 The goal of this course is to help people who have never written a program before learn to write one. Theres no reason why office workers, homemakers, professional engineers and pizza delivery persons shouldnt be able to take advantage of their own hand crafted custom computer programs to work faster and smarter. It shouldnt take a professional programmer (whatever that is) to do the job. You know what needs to be done better than anyone else. You can do it yourself! (And I say this as someone who has spent many years writing programs for other people ... professionally.) With that said, this is not a course in how to use a computer. This course assumes that you know how to use popular software and in particular, that you have Microsoft Word 2007 installed on your computer. You should know basic computer skills like how to create file folders (that is, directories) and how to move and copy files. But if youve always wondered what a computer program actually was, thats OK. Well show you. Microsoft Office isnt cheap. But you can get more value from that expensive software you already have installed. Thats a big reason we use Visual Basic for Applications, or VBA, along with Microsoft Office. There are millions who have it and a handful (maybe no one) who uses everything it can do. Before we go any further, however, I need to explain one more thing about VBA. In February 2002, Microsoft made a 300 billion dollar bet on a totally new technology base for their entire company. They called it .NET. Since then, Microsoft has been moving their entire technology base into VB.NET. VBA is the very last programming tool that still uses VB6, the tried and true technology that was used before VB.NET. (Youll see the phrase COM based to describe this VB6 level technology.) VSTO and VBA Microsoft has created a way to write VB.NET programs for Office 2007. Its called Visual Studio Tools for Office (VSTO). The problem with VSTO is that you have to buy and learn to use Visual Studio Professional.  Excel itself is still COM based too and .NET programs have to work with Excel through an interface (called the PIA, Primary Interop Assembly). So ... until Microsoft gets their act together and gives you a way to write programs that will work with Word and doesnt make you join the IT department, VBA macros are still the way to go. Another reason we use VBA is that it really is a fully baked (not half baked) software development environment that has been used for years by programmers to create some of the most sophisticated systems in existence. It doesnt matter how high your programming sights are set. Visual Basic has the power to take you there. What is a macro? You may have used desktop applications that support what is called a macro language before. Macros are traditionally just scripts of keyboard actions grouped together with one name so you can execute them all at once. If you always start the day by opening your MyDiary document, entering todays date, and typing the words, Dear Diary, Why not let your computer do that for you? To be consistent with other software, Microsoft calls VBA a macro language too. But its not. Its much more. Many desktop applications include a software tool that will let you record a keystroke macro. In Microsoft applications, this tool is called the Macro Recorder, but the result is not a traditional keystroke macro. Its a VBA program and the difference is that it does not simply replay the keystrokes. A VBA program gives you the same end result if possible, but you can also write sophisticated systems in VBA that leave simple keyboard macros in the dust. For example, you can use Excel functions in Word using VBA. And you can integrate VBA with other systems like databases, the web, or other software applications. Although the VBA Macro Recorder is very useful for simply creating simple keyboard macros, programmers have discovered that its even more useful to give them a running start in more sophisticated programs. Thats what were going to do. Start Microsoft Word 2007 with a blank document and get ready to write a program. The Developer tab in Word One of the first things that you have to do to write Visual Basic program in Word 2007 is find Visual Basic! The default in Word 2007 is to not display the ribbon that is used. To add the Developer tab, first click the Office button (the logo in the upper left corner) and then click Word Options. Click Show Developer tab in the Ribbon and then click OK. When you click the Developer tab, you have a whole new set of tools used to write VBA programs. Were going to use the VBA Macro Recorder to create your first program. (If the ribbon with all your tools keeps disappearing, you might want to right-click the ribbon and make sure Minimize the Ribbon is not checked.) Click Record Macro. Name your macro: AboutVB1 by typing that name in the Macro Name textbox. Select your current document as the location to store your macro and click OK. See the example below. (Note: If you pick All Documents (Normal.dotm) from the drop down menu, this test VBA program will, in effect, become a part of Word itself because it will then become available for every document you create in Word. If you only want to use a VBA macro in a specific document, or if you want to be able to send it to someone else, its a better idea to save the macro as part of the document. Normal.dotm is the default so you must change it.) With the Macro Recorder turned on, type the text, Hello World. into your Word document. (The mouse pointer will change into a miniature picture of a tape cartridge to show that keystrokes are being recorded.) (Note: Hello World is almost required for a First Program because the very first programming manual for the early computer language C used it. Its been a tradition ever since.) Click Stop Recording. Close Word and save the document using the name: AboutVB1.docm. You have to select a Word Macro-Enabled Document from the Save as Type dropdown. Thats it! You have now written a Word VBA program. Lets see what it looks like! Understanding what a VBA program is If you have closed Word, open it again and select the AboutVB1.docm file that you saved in the previous lesson. If everything was done correctly, you should see a banner at the top of your document window with a security warning. VBA and Security VBA is a real programming language. That means that VBA can do just about anything you need it to do. And that, in turn, means that if you receive a Word document with an embedded macro from some bad guy that macro can do just about anything too. So Microsofts warning is to be taken seriously. On the other hand, you wrote this macro and all it does is type Hello World so theres no risk here. Click the button to enable macros. To see what the Macro Recorder has created (as well as to do most other things that involve VBA), you need to start the Visual Basic Editor. Theres an icon to do that at the left side of the Developer ribbon. First, notice the left hand window. This is called the Project Explorer and it groups together the high level objects (well talk more about them) that are part of your Visual Basic project. When the Macro Recorder was started, you had a choice of the Normal template or the current document as a location for your macro. If you selected Normal, then the NewMacros module will be part of the Normal branch of the Project Explorer display. (You were supposed to select the current document. If you did select Normal,  delete the document and repeat the previous instructions.) Select NewMacros under Modules in your current project. If there still isnt any code window displayed, click Code under the View menu. The Word document as a VBA container Every Visual Basic program must be in some kind of file container. In the case of Word 2007 VBA macros, that container is a (.docm) Word document. Word VBA programs cant run without Word and you cant create standalone (.exe) Visual Basic programs like you can with Visual Basic 6 or Visual Basic .NET. But that still leaves a whole world of things you can do. Your first program is certainly short and sweet, but it will serve to introduce the major features of VBA and the Visual Basic Editor. The program source will normally consist of a series of subroutines. When you graduate to more advanced programming, youll discover that other things can be part of the program besides subroutines. This particular subroutine is named AboutVB1. The subroutine header must be paired with an End Sub at the bottom. The parenthesis can hold a parameter list consisting of values being passed to the subroutine. Nothing is being passed here, but they have to be there in the Sub statement anyway. Later, when we run the macro, we will look for the name  AboutVB1. There is only one actual program statement in the subroutine: Selection.TypeText Text:Hello World! Objects, methods and properties This statement contains the big three: an objecta methoda property The statement actually adds the text Hello World. to the contents of the current document. The next task is to run our program a few times. Just like buying a car, its a good idea to drive it around for a while until it feels a little bit comfortable. We do that next. Programs and documents We have our glorious and complicated system ... consisting of one program statement ... but now we want to run it. Heres what thats all about. Theres one concept to be learned here that is very important and it often really confuses first timers: the difference between the program and the document. This concept is foundational. VBA programs have to be contained in a host file. In Word, the host is the document. In our example, thats AboutVB1.docm. The program is actually saved inside the document. For example, if this was Excel, we would be talking about the program and the spreadsheet. In Access, the program and the database. Even in standalone Visual Basic Windows application, we would have a program and a form. (Note: There is a trend in programming to refer to all high level containers as a document. This is specifically the case when XML ... another up and coming technology ... is being used. Dont let it confuse you. Although its a slight inaccuracy, you can think of documents as being roughly the same as files.) There are ... ummmmm .... about three main ways to run your VBA macro. You can run it from the Word Document.(Note: Two subcategories are to select Macros from the Tools menu or just press Alt-F8. If you have assigned the macro to a Toolbar or Keyboard shortcut, thats one more way.))You can run it from the Editor using the Run icon or Run menu.You can single-step through the program in debug mode. You should try every one of these methods just to become comfortable with the Word/VBA interface. When you finish, you will have a whole document filled with repeats of Hello World! Running the program from Word is fairly easy to do. Just select the macro after clicking the Macro icon under the View tab. To run it from the Editor, first open the Visual Basic editor and then either click the Run icon or select Run from the menu. Heres where the difference between the Document and the Program might become confusing to some. If you have the document minimized or perhaps have your windows arranged so the editor is covering it, you can click the Run icon over and over and nothing seems to happen. But the program is running! Switch to the document again and see. Single stepping through the program is probably the most useful problem solving technique. This is also done from the Visual Basic editor. To try this out, press F8 or select Step Into from the Debug menu. The first statement in the program, the Sub statement, is highlighted. Pressing F8 executes the program statements one at a time until the program ends. You can see exactly when the text is added to the document this way. There are a lot of more refined debugging techniques such as Breakpoints, examining program objects in the Immediate Window, and the use of the Watch Window. But for now, simply be aware that this is a primary debugging technique you will use as a programmer. Object Oriented Programming The next class lesson is all about Object Oriented Programming. Whaaaattttt! (I hear you moaning) I just want to write programs. I didnt sign up to be a computer scientist! Fear Not! There are two reasons why this is a great move. First, in todays programming environment, you simply cant be an effective programmer without understanding object oriented programming concepts. Even our very simple one-line Hello World program consisted of an object, a method, and a property. In my opinion, not understanding objects is the biggest single problem beginning programmers have. So were going to confront the beast right up front! Second, were going to make this as painless as possible. Were not going to confuse you with a load of computer science jargon. But right after that, were going to jump right back into writing programming code with a lesson where we develop a VBA macro that you can probably use! We perfect that program a little more in the next lesson and finish up by showing you how to start using VBA with several applications at one time.